2018

Archives Journal Construction Materials and Products Vol. 1

VITREOUS PROTECTIVE AND DECORATIVE COVERINGS ON WOOD PARTICLE BOARD

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-4-12
Abstract
Scientific and technological bases of receiving vitreous coverings on wood with use of a torch of low-temperature plasma are developed. Before plasma dusting of glass powders by grain structure 60-120mkm, the special protective coating protecting chipboard from destruction at high-temperature influence of a plasma stream on a front surface of the wood particle board (WPB) was applied. The structure of an intermediate protective coating including mix of a fine-grained glass powder and liquid glass is developed. Preliminary drawing an intermediate protective layer provides several consecutive technological operations.
For receiving vitreous coverings fight of colored and colourless glass are used which was previously ground in spherical porcelain mills. Optimum process parameters of plasma dusting of glass powder on the front surface of chipboard are developed. Optimum parameters of plasma melting is: current - 800A; operating voltage – 30B, a consumption of plasma-forming gas of argon 2m3/h.
Operational and aesthetic-consumer properties of vitreous protective and decorative coverings are investigated. It is established that vitreous protective and decorative coverings have the high durability of coupling with an intermediate protective layer. The received vitreous protective and decorative coverings on the basis of colored and colourless glass have the high water resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, as well as microhardness and high aesthetic performance.
The technology is recommended for widespread industrial introduction.
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OPTIMIZATION OF RAW MIX COMPOSITION OF SEREBRYANSKY CEMENT PLANT

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-13-20
Abstract
Now a top trend of technical development in the cement industry of Russia, is optimization of all technological repartitions of production. Obtaining the quality portlandtsement is multiple-factor process. It is influenced not only by the physical and chemical transformations of raw materials occurring during the firing of cement clinker, but also what will be the composition of the raw mixture and whether this mixture is prepared qualitatively. Work consists in a research and selection of an optimum compounding of raw mix, with the purpose to receive cement with high rates of quality. This direction will allow: first, to expand a source of raw materials, to process raw materials which go to dumps because in it is mute a large amount of quartz and impurity connections contains; secondly, to make small reconstruction of the line of preparation of raw mix. At the moment, the plant works on mixed mixtures of aluminosilicate raw materials, i.e. two types of aluminosilicate raw materials which are previously mixed in certain ratios therefore it affects on the accuracy of dispensing of components are used. Accuracy of dispensing of modern batchers, a component ± (1 … 2) %, is often insufficient. In this regard, the new option of optimum composition of mix is offered and investigated. This option of a "clean" mixing of components, will allow to improve process of mixing of initial raw materials, to operate process of drawing up proportions of mixes in a supply line of materials. And also it will allow to eliminate long-term deviations, guaranteeing the solution of problems at the earliest stage of their emergence. Receiving a qualitative ready-made product, reduction of costs for energy resources and cost efficiency of the proposed solution is result of this work.
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INFLUENCE OF SiO2 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ON THE THERMAL CYCLE OF POLYMER COMPOSITES

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-21-29
Abstract
Polymer composites are widely used in the space industry for the manufacture of spacecraft, satellite panels, antennas, thermostatically controlled coatings, etc. In space, they are subjected to harsh environmental con-ditions, such as ultraviolet, deep vacuum, atomic oxygen, charged particles, anthropogenic debris, micrometeoids, electromagnetic radiation and thermal cycles that cause severe degradation of the material. One of the most important environmental effects of materials based on polymers is the thermal cycle, in which the composite undergoes a large temperature difference from -170˚C to + 200˚C. The paper presents an assessment of the use of composites based on a polyalkane-rich matrix and a filler in the form of an SiO2 amorphous and crystalline structure under thermal cycling conditions. The data on the change in tensile strength, modulus of elasticity in tension and relative elongation in tension of materials after several cycles of a sharp differential temperature (from -190 to +200°C) are presented. The thermal cycle was repeated 5, 10 and 20 times. It is shown that the sample polyalkanimide has a large value of tensile strength and elastic modulus compared with highly filled composites.However, during thermal cycling there is a significant decrease in these parameters.For a highly filled composite sample with 65% crystalline SiO2 content, the decrease in tensile strength and elastic modulus after thermal cycling is insignificant and is within the measurement error. A composite with amorphous SiO2 is more susceptible to a change in mechanical properties after thermal cycling in comparison with a composite containing crystalline SiO2.
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STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PARTICULATE ADDITIVES ON THE SETTING TIME AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF HIGH-ALUMINA CEMENT

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-30-37
Abstract
The paper is devoted to a full-scale study of corundum modifying dispersed additives (reactive, tabular, dispersing alumina) and artificial ceramic binder, their impact on high-alumina cement microstructure and setting time. Artificial ceramic binders are characterized by similar chemical, phase and grain composition with modifying corundum additives and characterized by the presence of particles less than 100 nm (up to 0.5%). The studied materials are finely dispersed polyfractional systems from 0.1 to 13 μm with a prevailing grading fraction of 2-10 μm. In this case, dispersing and reactive alumina are more coarse. Using the microscopy method it was established that the corundum additives increase packing density of high-alumina cement samples, especially with artificial ceramic binder addition. Studies of dispersed additives effect on the setting time of cement was conducted. It is established that the adding of artificial ceramic binder or dispersing alumina at 0.5% is speeding up the initial setting, but a further increasing of the additive content does not affect this indicator. The maximum reduction of setting time is caused by the introduction of 5% tabular alumina.
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STRUCTURE FORMATION IN ALKALI ACTIVATED ALUMINOSILICATE BINDING SYSTEMS USING NATURAL RAW MATERIALS WITH DIFFERENT CRYSTALLINITY DEGREE

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-38-43
Abstract
The efficiency of traditional raw materials using as well as expanding of potential uses for non-conventional and alternative raw materials with different origin is the tasks exiting interest among material scientists and manufacture stuff. Investigation of the above is oriented on solution of such scientific problem as more deep understanding of structure and features of material. The results obtained also allow solution of some technological, technical and economical tasks.
Greatly, it is actual when using of new types of raw materials as well as when synthesis of new composites. Concerning the construction material science field, the classic problem is the looking for ways to study the reactivity of raw components under different conditions, its control and, generally, its increasing to produce higher performance materials.
Among the popular and widely-used construction materials are alkali-activated binders and relevant composites.
In this study the results of granulometric analysis of suspension based on alkali-activated aluminosilicate with different crystallinity degree are presented. It was found, when treatment of aluminosilicate grain by alkali activator leads to the grain solubilizing (but differently depending on crystallinity degree of aluminosilicate) and formation of alkali-aluminosilicate gel that reacts with unreacted part of the grain according to structure affinity principle. It was also determined the crystallinity degree of aluminosilicate component is inversely proportional to its solubility in highly-alkali environment. The model of structure formation for geopolymer system under alkali effect is offered.
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STUDY OF PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT-CONCRETE SPECIMENS ON ACTIVATED MINERAL POWDERS OF VARIOUS COMPOSITIONS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-44-50
Abstract
The article presents the results of testing asphalt samples based on activated mineral powder from silica-containing raw materials. Activated filler was obtained by joint grinding of waste wet magnetic separation (WMS) of ferruginous quartzites of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly in a spherical planetary mill in the presence of surfactants (stearic acid, adhesive additive Amdor-10) and bitumen. First of all, it should be noted that the use of activated mineral powder in the composition of asphalt concrete mixture led to an increase in the packing density of the composite. This was reflected not only in the technological process, but also contributed to the decrease in the porosity of the mineral core. It was found that the use of surfactants in the process of grinding mineral powder made it possible to increase the strength of asphalt concrete samples. However, the change in the crack resistance and shear resistance of asphalt concrete specimens, determined from the ratio of the corresponding compressive strengths, did not occur (table). This is due to the fact that there has been a proportional change in all the strength characteristics at different temperatures. Analysis of the physical-mechanical characteristics of the properties of asphalt concrete led to the conclusion that it was possible to use activated mineral powder from waste WMS as a component of asphalt concrete mixtures.
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TECHNOLOGY OF PLASMA METALLIZATION OF THE WOOD AND FIBROUS BOARD

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-3-4-10
Abstract
The scientific and technological principles of metallization of products on the basis of wood with use of plasma high-temperature dispersion are developed. For the purpose of prevention of impact of the highest temperatures of a plasma stream on a front surface wood and fibrous board (fibreboard) an intermediate layer was put.
The structure of an intermediate protective layer, the including mix of epoxy resin with refractory filler is developed. Operation of drawing a protective intermediate layer included several specially developed technological stages. For the subsequent metallization such non-ferrous metals as copper and aluminum in the form of a wire are used. Optimum parameters of plasma dusting of metals on a front surface of a fibreboard are determined
The protective and decorative covering on the basis of non-ferrous metals had high aesthetic consumption and performance properties. The covering possessed the increased coefficient of diffusive reflection and high durability of coupling with a matrix. The dependence of influence of thickness of the raised dust metal covering on durability of coupling of a covering with a substrate is established.
The developed technology of metallization of products from wood in comparison with traditional technologies, allows to lower significantly time of metallization and energy consumption and to increase competitiveness of products both on internal, and on external the markets.
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STUDY OF ARTIFICIAL CERAMIC BINDERS BASED ON SILICATE MATERIALS FOR CERAMICS INDUSTRY

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-3-11-16
Abstract
This article discusses the possibility of using artificial ceramic binders obtained by the technology of highly concentrated binder suspensions in the production of ceramic materials and products. The results of complex studies of suspensions of artificial ceramic binders based on feldspar and quartz sand, as well as the results of tests of the samples obtained on their basis are presented. A definite advantage of entering the suspensions in the molding compositions of the slurries used in the manufacture of certain varieties of pottery is proved. The solution of the problem of import substitution of raw materials components, caused mainly by the difficult political situation in the country, as well as the lack of its own raw material base of good quality, in connection with which the paper proposes the use of technology of highly concentrated binder suspensions, which allows to optimize the quality of domestic raw materials. The use of technology of highly concentrated binder suspensions, allows not only to expand the assortment and range of products produced by this technology, but also to improve the quality and economic feasibility of individual varieties of ceramics. The emphasis on the introduction of technology of highly concentrated binding suspensions in certain areas of ceramics production is explained by the formation of a completely different structure of materials due to the increased content of nanoparticles in the composition of artificial ceramic binding suspensions, which contributes to a significant increase in mechanical strength while optimizing other basic technological quality indicators for ceramic materials and products. The possibility of reducing the firing temperature by 50-100°C, however, this issue requires additional research.
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INFLUENCE OF ZnO AND BaSO4 ADDITIVES ON CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF THE WEAK BASE WHITE CEMENTS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-3-17-24
Abstract
White cement – modern construction material which is increasingly popular every year as it is used not only in the construction sphere, but also and in creation of architectural products.
Today the most famous producers of white cement is Turkey, Denmark and Egypt. Special color of cement is reached due to specific structure and the specialized production technology. Clinker for the white portlandtsement, differs from usual in the increased maintenance of Si2O (23.5-25.5%) and A12O3 (5.5-7%), insignificant quantity of Fe2O3 (up to 0.25-0.35%) and MnO – 0.05-0.15%. The mineral composition of clinker for white cements fluctuates within (%): C3S – 35-50; 35-45; C3A 14-17; C4AF 0.9-1.4. The maintenance of MgO in it should not exceed 4.5%. For production of the white portlandtsement the cleanest kinds of carbonate and sandy-argillaceous raw materials are used. In particular, the straight limestones or chalk containing no more than 0.15% of the painting oxides are applied. The kaolin, waste of its enrichment and other materials are served as a clay component. The fine-grained white quartz sands, waste of quartz sand received at enrichment of a kaolin, etc. to increase in the silicate module are applied.
The ashless fuel which is not forming soot and ashes that helps to avoid pollution is applied to roasting of clinker. Crushing of raw materials is carried out in special mills, and crushing is carried out by means of silicon or porcelain elements. Such production technology helps to achieve the grinding having higher rates than from traditional cements.
Results of a research of influence of mineral BaSO4 and ZnO additives on synthesis and properties of the low-main clinker of the white portlandtsement are given in work: clinker formation, hydration activity, whiteness of cement.
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THE USE OF SEMI-AQUATIC CALCIUM SULFATE TO INTENSIFY THE PROCESSES OF HARDENING OF STRUCTURAL HEAT-INSULATING FOAMED CONCRETE

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-3-25-32
Abstract
Construction of energy- and resource-saving housing of increased comfort involves the creation of more efficient building materials in comparison with traditional and new designs of fencing buildings with im-proved thermal properties. The problem of energy saving in construction has determined the direction of creation and production of effective cheap materials with high thermal properties. One of the most promising materials of this type is environmentally friendly, non-combustible cellular foam concrete.
The problem of accelerating the setting and hardening of foam concrete mixtures, as it allows to accelerate the turnover of forms and reduce the time from manufacturing to sending the finished product to the consumer is of great practical interest.
However, in most cases, domestic foaming agents are produced and used without additional input of setting and hardening regulators. This is due to the fact that the compatibility of the latter with the main additive – foaming agents is not sufficiently investigated. This problem is quite complex, as some setting accelerators can cause defoaming, worsen the structure of the foam matrix, reduce the mechanical strength of the stone and have other negative effects. At the same time, properly selected setting accelerators enhance the action of foaming agents
In the work the questions of application of semi-aqueous calcium sulphate (SCS) for intensification of hardening of foam concrete are considered. The change in physical and mechanical characteristics of foam concrete prepared on anionic and cationic blowing agents with an additional content of 1, 2 and 3% semi-aqueous calcium sulphate is shown. It is established that the SCC allows accelerating the hardening processes, and the formation of ettringite does not cause strong internal stresses, which is related to the porous structure of the material.
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