The article reveals physical and mechanical characteristics of clay mixtures in the soft mud brick manifacture. Considering that currently Russia has no advisory or regulatory documents on the selection of raw materials for soft mud bricks and requirements for their physical and mechanical properties, this issue is quite relevant. The authors, based on their extensive practical experience, present data on acceptable ranges of clay mixtures deformation and critical compressive stress in the soft mud brick manufacture, as well as the results of studies on the influence of electrolyte additives on these indicators. The findings of how the mineral composition of clay raw materials and moisture con-tent influence the critical compressive stress and stickiness of clay mixtures are also presented. Thus, it has been experimentally established that the critical compressive stress of clay mixtures for soft mud bricks should be in the range of 0.2 – 0.8 kg/cm2, and the deformation degree of raw bricks should be in the range of 3 – 5 units. Moreover, even within such narrow limits, depending on their variation as well as on the method of molding and the composition of clay mixtures, it is possible to obtain differ-ent structures of the brick front surface: granular, tuberculate, grooved, wavy, corrugated, spotted, scaly, and their combinations. The moisture content of clay mixtures, depending on the type of clay raw material, can vary within very wide limits: from 20 to 38 per cent. The data obtained will make it possible to develop methods for selecting raw materials for soft mud bricks, which in turn will con-tribute to the organization of its wide production in various regions.
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[19] Mota L., Toledo R. Faria R., Silva E.C., Vargas H.. Delgadillo-Holtfort I. Thermally treated soil clays as ceramic raw materials: Characterization by X-ray diffraction, photoacoustic spectroscopy and electron spin resonance. Applied Clay Science. 2009. 43 (2). P. 243 – 247. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.07.025
[20] An S.Y., Lee M.J., Shim Y.S. X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Various Calcium Silicate-Based Materials. Journal of Dental Hygiene Science. 2022. 22 (3). P. 191 – 198. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2022.22.3.191
[21] International centre for diffraction data. URL: https://www.icdd.com.
[22] Mijatović N., Vasić M., Miličić L., Radomirovic M., Radojević Z. Fired pressed pellet as a sample preparation technique of choice for an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of raw clays. Talanta. 2023. 252 (12). P. 123844. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123844
[23] Nebezhko Yu.I., Lapunova K.A. Features of the front surface of soft-molded ceramic brick. Proceedings of the III All-Russian scientific conference Construction Materials Science: Present and Future, dedicated to the ninetieth anniversary of the Department of Construction Materials Science of the National Research University MGSU. Moscow, 2023. P. 210 – 216.
[24] Veras Fernandes J., Garcia Guedes D., Pereira da Costa F., Mendes Rodrigues A., Araújo Neves A., Rodrigues Menezes R., Navarro de Lima Santana S. Sustainable ceramic materials manufactured from ceramic formulations containing quartzite and scheelite tailings. Sustainability. 2020. 12 (22). P. 9417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229417
[25] Sola O.C., Sayin B., Ozyazgan C., Bostancı L. Effect of silica fume and solid borax waste on compressive strength of fired briquettes. Revista De La Construcción. Journal of Construction. 2017. 16 (2). P. 355 – 360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7764/RDLC.16.2.355
[2] Bozhko Y., Lapunova K., Ovdun D. Evaluation of the Aesthetic and Decorative Properties of Ceramic Bricks. XV International Scientific Conference (INTERAGROMASH 2022). Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. 2023. 575. P. 3074 – 3083. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21219-2_344
[3] Singh N. Clays and Clay Minerals in the Construction Industry. Minerals. 2022. 12. P. 301. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12030301
[4] Bozhko Yu.A., Lapunova K.A. Application of soft molded facing bricks in modern architecture. Design. Materials. Technology. 2018. 1. P. 61 – 65. URL: https://journal.prouniver.ru/uploads/dmt/content/Soderzhanie_1_49_2018.pdf
[5] El Hammouti A., Charai M., Salaheddine Ch., Horma O., Nasri H., Mezrhab A., Mustapha K., Abdou Tankari M. Laboratory-testing and industrial scale performance of different clays from eastern Morocco for brick manufacturing. Construction and Building Materials. 2023. Vol. 370. P. 130624. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130624
[6] Jorgensen T., Lightfoot S. Twisting Clay: Creative Research to Explore the Complex Rheology in Ceramic Extrusion. FormAkademisk. 2023. 16 (4). P. 1 – 11. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.5423
[7] Khelifi H., Perrot A., Lecompte Th., Ausias G. Design of clay/cement mixtures for extruded building products. Materials and Structures. 2013. 46. P. 999 – 1010. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9949-4
[8] Avizovas R., Baskutis S., Navickas V., Tamándl L. Effect of chemical composition of clay on physical-mechanical properties of clay paving blocks. Buildings. 2022. 12. P. 943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070943
[9] Il’ina V.P. Ceramic Tile Based on Local Hydromica Clay and Pegmatite Tailings. Glass and Ceramics. 2022. 79. P. 51 – 56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10717-022-00453-w
[10] Kotlyar A.V. Technological properties of argillite-like clays in the production of clinker bricks. Bulletin of the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2016. 2 (55). P. 164 – 175. URL: https://vestnik.tsuab.ru/jour/article/view/157
[11] Kalendova A., Kupková J., Urbaskova M., Merinska D. Applications of Clays in Nanocomposites and Ceramics. Minerals. 2024. 14 (1). P. 93. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14010093.
[12] Zhang B., Wang Ch., Zhang Y., Zhang X. Yang J. A novel method for fabricating brick-mortar structured alumina-zirconia ceramics with high toughness. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2022. 43 (10). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.10.013
[13] Kotlyar V.D., Teryokhina Yu.V. Mineralogical, chemical and structural features of opo-like opal-cristobalite rocks as raw materials for the construction industry. News of Tomsk Polytechnic University. Georesources Engineering. 2023. 334 (1). P. 145 – 155. URL: http://izvestiya.tpu.ru/archive/article/view/3852
[14] Rakhimova G., Stolboushkin A., Vyshar O., Stanevich V., Murat Rakhimov M., Kozlov Р. Strong structure formation of ceramic composites based on coal mining overburden rocks. Journal of Composites Science. 2023. 7. P. 209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7050209 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcs
[15] Kotlyar V.D., Nebezhko N.I., Bozhko Yu.A., Yavruyan Kh.S. Features of the production of soft-molded facing ceramic bricks based on opoka-like rocks. Construction materials. 2019. 12. P. 18 – 23.
[16] Sarsenbek Aliakbaruly Montaev, Nurgul Bolatovna Adilova, Nurgul Sarsenbekovna Montaeva, Karzhaubai Zhanabayevich Dosov & Ainur Amangalievna Taudaeva. Study of raw materials with the aim of obtaining ceramic filler and heat-insulating and structural wall ceramics. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD). 2019. 9 (5). P. 1057 – 1064.
[17] Stolboushkin A.Y., Ivanov A.I., Fomina O.A. Use of coal-mining and processing wastes in production of bricksand fuel for their burning. Procedia Eng. 2016. 150. P. 1496 – 1502.
[18] Kotlyar V., Terekhina Ya., Kotlyar A., Yashchenko R. Evaluation of Siliceous Opal-Cristobalite Rocks for the Production of Wall Ceramics. XV International Scientific Con-ference INTERAGROMASH 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems book series (LNNS). 2023. l. 574. P. 2268 – 2282. URL: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-21432-5_248
[19] Mota L., Toledo R. Faria R., Silva E.C., Vargas H.. Delgadillo-Holtfort I. Thermally treated soil clays as ceramic raw materials: Characterization by X-ray diffraction, photoacoustic spectroscopy and electron spin resonance. Applied Clay Science. 2009. 43 (2). P. 243 – 247. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.07.025
[20] An S.Y., Lee M.J., Shim Y.S. X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Various Calcium Silicate-Based Materials. Journal of Dental Hygiene Science. 2022. 22 (3). P. 191 – 198. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2022.22.3.191
[21] International centre for diffraction data. URL: https://www.icdd.com.
[22] Mijatović N., Vasić M., Miličić L., Radomirovic M., Radojević Z. Fired pressed pellet as a sample preparation technique of choice for an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of raw clays. Talanta. 2023. 252 (12). P. 123844. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123844
[23] Nebezhko Yu.I., Lapunova K.A. Features of the front surface of soft-molded ceramic brick. Proceedings of the III All-Russian scientific conference Construction Materials Science: Present and Future, dedicated to the ninetieth anniversary of the Department of Construction Materials Science of the National Research University MGSU. Moscow, 2023. P. 210 – 216.
[24] Veras Fernandes J., Garcia Guedes D., Pereira da Costa F., Mendes Rodrigues A., Araújo Neves A., Rodrigues Menezes R., Navarro de Lima Santana S. Sustainable ceramic materials manufactured from ceramic formulations containing quartzite and scheelite tailings. Sustainability. 2020. 12 (22). P. 9417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229417
[25] Sola O.C., Sayin B., Ozyazgan C., Bostancı L. Effect of silica fume and solid borax waste on compressive strength of fired briquettes. Revista De La Construcción. Journal of Construction. 2017. 16 (2). P. 355 – 360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7764/RDLC.16.2.355
Kotlyar V.D., Nebezhko Yu.I., Semenova M.Yu. Molding properties of clay mixtures in the soft mud brick manufacture. Construction Materials and Products. 2024. 7 (1). 5. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-5