Русский Русский

Архив

Comprehensive analysis of digital technology applications in construction site management

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-1
, , , ,
Аннотация
This study examines the transformative impact of digital technologies on construction site management in the Russian Federation. Using a multi-method research approach incorporating content analysis, comparative assessment, systems analysis, and SWOT evaluation, the research investigates how Building Information Modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence applications reconfigure traditional construction processes. Findings demonstrate that smart construction sites implement informatization across four critical dimensions: personnel management, machinery administration, material resource coordination, and construction target optimization. Comparative analysis reveals significant advantages of technology-enhanced approaches over conventional methods, particularly in multi-location collaborative workflows, simulation modeling, construction process visualization, and remote monitoring capabilities. The SWOT analysis identifies initial capital investment requirements, specialized workforce development, and systems integration complexities as primary implementation challenges. The research concludes that smart construction sites represent an evolutionary progression in the construction industry, with implementation effectiveness directly correlating to organizational digital maturity, ultimately establishing unprecedented levels of construction production efficiency and operational safety.
PDF

Sustainable gypsum composites reinforced with basalt technogenic nanofiber

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-2
, , , , ,
Аннотация
Sustainable composites based on gypsum man-made stone are produced using a technology that excludes the firing stage. It meets the requirements for resource and energy conservation, does not harm the environment and can be used in the production of a number of biopositive building materials. The use of pure dihydrate gypsum from gypsum mold waste in the composition of sustainable gypsum composites predetermines the expansion of the scope of application of materials and products based on it. These wastes are characterized by stable physicochemical and mechanical properties. However, the features of the mineralogical composition require high costs for their use in the production of fired gypsum binders using classical technologies. Binders based on them have low strength and other physical indicators. Application without firing technology allows for the maximum use of all the unique properties of gypsum – creation of a comfortable environment, high resistance in fire conditions, good insulating characteristics, etc. By introducing highly dispersed basalt dust particles into the composition of stable gypsum composites based on dihydrate gypsum, gypsum stone is reinforced and compacted at the micro- and nanoscale levels. This is facilitated by the optimal values of the pressing force and humidity of the raw mix selected during the study. They are important technological parameters. The resulting high-strength gypsum composite is characterized by a fine-crystalline structure with higher performance indicators than conventional gypsum materials due to the screening of the moisture effect on it.
PDF

Structure formation of composite materials based on technogenic soil modified by additives of high-molecular compounds

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-3
, , , ,
Аннотация
The article substantiates the possibility of obtaining organo-inorganic composite materials with improved functional properties based on technogenic soil and high-molecular substances. The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) of technogenic soil was 97±12 Bq/kg, which allows use in the production of building materials without restrictions. Using the methods of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry, powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, data on the composition, properties and structural features of technogenic soil were obtained, allowing us to assess the possibility of its use as a dispersed filler for the composite. It was revealed that the organo-inorganic composite material is frost-resistant, waterproof, and is characterized by a compressive strength of 6.20 MPa and a thermal conductivity of 0.20 W/(m•K). The mechanism of composite structure formation was established, which consists in the reorganization of hydrate shells and the formation of organomineral complexes during the interaction of the polymer matrix and dispersed filler particles. The effectiveness of cryogenic treatment in transforming the pore space of the composite and improving its functional properties was shown. It was revealed that cryostructuring contributes to an increase in the pore volume of the composite by 1.4 times, which determines its thermophysical properties.
PDF

Strengthening of monolithic concrete slabs against pushing

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-4
, , , ,
Аннотация
Significant stress concentrations occur at the interface of floor slabs and columns in widely used monolithic reinforced concrete beamless frames. Therefore, the strength of the floor slabs must be checked for pushing under the loads from columns, bearing walls or stiffening diaphragms. The analysis of engineering solution of beamless monolithic reinforced concrete slabs of the administration nine-storey building with frame-walled load-bearing system is made. The strength thereof for pushing is found to be not provided under the given loads in a number of cases, due to this, experimental studies of strengthening the near-column areas of floor slabs have been carried out. When restoring the structures that suffered defects and damages in the course of their operation, composite materials having high tensile strength, low weight, constructibility and resistance to aggressive influence are widely used. The presented method for strengthening the near-column areas of floor slabs for ensuring their pushing strength with the use of chemical anchors has been developed, and a comparative analysis of the calculation results of the near-column areas of floor slabs with the adopted strengthening method with the results of experimental studies of slab fragments has been carried out. The operating conditions of the near-column areas of the floor slab have been simulated under the test method, and the results of the experimental samples testing are presented. All samples were found to have been destroyed by pushing through, with the destruction being of a plastic nature. The results of assessing the application of transverse reinforcement to the load-carrying capacity of the slab on pushing-through are presented. The results of experimental studies on assessing the pushing strength of extreme parts of monolithic floor slabs with columns reinforced with transverse glued-in reinforcement have shown good efficiency.
PDF

Optimization of concrete composition with polypropylene fiber to improve their crack resistance in road construction conditions

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-5
Аннотация
The study included a detailed examination of the crack resistance of heavy concrete and foam concrete that were not subjected to autoclave curing. An important aspect of this study was the use of polypropylene fiber as a reinforcing material, which made it possible to identify differences in the characteristics between reinforced and unreinforced samples. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the mechanical properties of the materials under study, as well as their behavior during destruction. For this purpose, the criteria of fracture mechanics were used, which made it possible to establish not only the strength and deformation characteristics, but also the force and energy indicators of crack resistance. The experimental results showed that the addition of polypropylene fiber significantly improves the strength characteristics of both heavy concrete and foam concrete. This improvement was especially noticeable in the case of foam concrete, which, due to reinforcement, demonstrated increased crack resistance. This is due to the fact that polypropylene fiber promotes a more uniform distribution of stress in the material, which in turn reduces the likelihood of cracking and improves resistance to destruction. In addition, the study confirmed that the use of polypropylene fiber not only increases strength, but also improves the durability of concrete, making them more suitable for use in construction, especially in conditions where materials are subject to significant mechanical loads and adverse environmental factors.
PDF

Features of the synthesis of construction geopolymer composites

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-6
, , , ,
Аннотация
Use of clinker-free binders, such as geopolymers and various equivalents based on mineral additives, can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the construction sector in the environment. The most promising and appropriate benchmark is the disposal of industrial waste of aluminosilicate oxide composition with subsequent mechanical and alkaline activation. For the first time, the microstructure of geopolymers based on aspiration cement dust and tuff has been comprehensively studied. The theoretical prerequisite for the creation of a binder system of such a concept is the synthesis of sufficiently strong and resistant to external manifestations of alkali metals, including the structures of frame aluminosilicates with a hidden crystalline structure. X-ray diffraction analysis of the obtained samples, as well as the results of scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersion spectrometry, differential-thermal analysis, ad infrared spectrometry confirm the presence in the geopolymer paste of products traditionally necessary for the hydration reaction: aqueous aluminosilicates, aluminates and silicates of sodium and calcium, quartz, calcite, feldspars similar to albite and orthoclase, micas, etc. The results obtained on the key results of the conducted studies confirm the high efficiency of the proposed technology and guarantee increased strength and durability of geopolymer concrete.
PDF

Methods to select structural solutions for wind power generators in low-rise development

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-7
, ,
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the prospects for the development of renewable energy sources, in particular wind energy, in rural areas of the Rostov region (Russia). The analysis of the state program of the Russian Federation "Integrated Development of Rural Territories" was carried out. The primary measures that contribute to the implementation of directions for the development and improvement of the reliability of power supply through the use of wind energy are considered. The aim and objectives of the study are to create a classification and develop a methodology for selecting design solutions of wind turbines in low-rise residential construction, to develop criteria for evaluating the choice of renewable energy source (RES) technologies, to conduct a multi-criteria analysis of different types of wind turbine designs and to select the most optimal type of wind turbine design by applying multi-criteria analysis methods for selecting optimal wind turbine designs. The possibility of applying the method of multi-criteria analysis for the choice of design solutions for WPPs is substantiated. The assessment of the Rostov region territory and its priority for the placement of wind farms was demonstrated. The classification of wind turbines has been carried out. Design solutions for wing generator are presented. A technique for choosing optimality criteria is formulated. The results of studies by different scientists are summarized and compared with the proposed methods To select the optimal design of the wind turbine, a multi-criteria decision analysis was applied. Methodology for selecting wind energy generation technology elaborated in the course of research by applying multi-criteria analysis, allows us determining with the highest accuracy the most efficient and economically viable design of the wind power plant.
PDF

Photocatalytic self-cleaning lime coatings

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-8
, , , ,
Аннотация
The article presents the results of assessing the self-cleaning properties of lime coatings. The use of zinc oxide immobilized on synthesized aluminosilicates as a photocatalyst is considered. The technology of synthesis and properties of aluminosilicates are described. The photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide is analyzed depending on the technology of obtaining the photocatalyst. It was found that the band gap width of the photocatalyst obtained by immobilizing zinc oxide on synthetic zeolite decreased from 3.37 eV to 2.7 eV. Comparison of the self-cleaning ability of lime coating samples, in the formulation of which the photocatalyst was introduced, is carried out using the methods specified in the regulatory documentation- according to the test method in accordance with GOST R 57255-2016, according to the method of the Italian standard UNI 11259. The results of tests according to the methods established in regulatory documents indicate the high photocatalytic activity of the lime coating. It has been established that the lime coating with the use of zinc oxide photocatalyst immobilized on synthetic zeolite exhibits high photocatalytic activity. In accordance with the requirements of the Italian standard UNI 11259, the photocatalytic activity of the surface after 4 hours is R=21.94-55.42%, and after 26 hours – 51.96 - 98.2% depending on the specific surface of zinc oxide.
PDF

Active-adaptive construction project management system based on self-organizing maps for optimization of architectural and structural solutions

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-9
, , , ,
Аннотация
This research focuses on developing and implementing an active-adaptive construction project management system based on Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) technology. The high variability of architectural and structural solutions, complex design dynamics, and multifactorial engineering calculations in modern construction necessitate creating flexible automated management systems capable of self-regulation. The research methodology integrates cluster analysis of design characteristics, multidimensional topological mapping of structural elements, and neural network analysis using SOM algorithms. The empirical base encompasses data from 38 construction projects of various scales during 2019-2023, with a total area exceeding 4.3 million square meters. Results demonstrate a 36.4% reduction in design documentation development time, 21.7% decrease in structural material consumption, and 17.3% improvement in building energy efficiency. A strong correlation (r=0.83) was established between the degree of structural solution optimization and economic efficiency of construction projects. The developed system provides dynamic visualization of multi-parameter design solution structures, enabling real-time identification of critical contradictions and preventive correction of potentially problematic structural nodes. The research significance is confirmed by multifactorial economic implementation efficiency (ROI=2.7) and substantial reduction in construction timeframes (average 14.6%).
PDF

Eco-Friendly Foam Concrete with Improved Physical and Mechanical Properties, Modified with Fly Ash and Reinforced with Coconut Fibers

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-1-1
, , , , , ,
Аннотация
The development of new types of environmentally friendly and cost-effective building materials is currently a relevant topic and is actively developing throughout the world. In modern construction materials science, the most popular direction is the development of new concrete compositions using waste of various origins. The objective of this study is to develop new compositions of foam concrete using local waste from the fuel and energy complex and plant natural fibers. To determine the optimal amount of the modifying additive fly ash (FA), 7 experimental concrete compositions with different percentages of cement replacement by FA were made. The content was established as optimal. Foam concrete with 15% FA has the lowest density of 1075 kg/m3 and a minimum thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.248 W/m × °C, as well as increases in compressive and bending strength of 23.3% and 21.7%, respectively. The effect of coconut fiber (CF) was assessed on the composition of foam concrete modified with the optimal amount of FA 15%. The optimal dosage of CF was 0.6%. As a result of FA modification and CF dispersed reinforcement, a complex effect was obtained. The increase in compressive and bending strength was 30.14% and 72.83%, respectively, compared to conventional foam concrete. The density and thermal conductivity coefficient decreased by 9.8% and 8.34%, respectively. The results obtained during the experimental studies prove the effectiveness of the proposed formulation solutions and allow obtaining an energy-efficient foam concrete composite with improved characteristics.
PDF