In many cities, the problem of dust pollution from construction waste caused by fine dust particles PM2,5 and PM10 is particularly acute. In the context of the rapidly developing construction industry in cities, issues of environmental safety of the urban air environment are becoming critically important for many states. The main source of urban waste in the context of growing urbanization has become construction waste, which accounts for more than 80% of the total urban waste in the Russian Federation. These areas of accumulation of construction debris not only take up space but also contribute to the deterioration of the urban environment due to dust that rises into the air during transportation and storage of waste. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of impact of dust emissions of PM2.5 and PM10 particles on the air environment in the dwelling zone, to obtain empirically parameterized «distance–concentration» relationship for PM10 and PM2.5 particles during the loading of solid waste into an open container, and to present the results both in absolute units and in a standardized form using the concentration excess index I. Dust pollution monitoring was carried out at an active construction site located in a dense residential area in St. Petersburg, Russia. Concentration measurements were carried out during periods of dumping garbage into a container and transportation outside the construction site. The PM10 concentration decreased from 30.6 mg/m3 at the dust source to 1.2 mg/m3 at a distance of 50 m. The MPC limits of PM10 concentration (0.06 mg/m3) were determined at a distance of 37.5 m from the dust source. The PM2.5 concentration at a distance of 0-50 m remained below the MPC limits (0.035 mg/m3). From a practical point of view, the data obtained make it possible to organize an effective multi-level dust management system and can be integrated into summary calculations of emissions and an inventory of sources of pollutants.