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Ecological Safety of Construction in the Concept of Sustainable Development

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-1-5-17
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 5-17 p.
Abstract
The article describes the importance of following global trends in the field of ESG transformation, reveals the relevance of this direction, and also describes the basic principles of ESG in the construction industry. Based on the analysis of research in this area, the main reasons that impede the promotion of the principles of sustainable development of construction companies are identified. Par-ticular attention is paid to the environmental aspect, a comparison of "green" standards is carried out and the main directions for the development of ESG in construction are highlighted.
In the 21st century, the main trend in the construction industry of the leading countries of the world has been the development of environmentally friendly technologies and "green" design. With the de-velopment of information technology, the life of people, primarily those living in megacities, is be-coming more comfortable.
They become more informed about the methods of a healthy lifestyle, including the use of environ-mentally friendly products in their life. People prefer such places of residence, where materials harm-less to the body are used in construction. In the foreign practice of industrialized countries, when de-signing buildings and structures, preference is always given to natural materials or products of their processing. The advantage of buildings made of natural materials is, along with their compliance with environmental requirements, that they allow you to create a healthy space in the building area.
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The Problem of Preservation of the Existing Architectural and Historical-Cultural Landscapes of Resort Cities of the South Coast of Crimea

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-1-18-28
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 18-28 p.
Abstract
In accordance with the project "The Historical Cultural Landscape of the Southern Coast of Crimea as the Basis for Socio-Economic Development" dated 06/08/2021, prepared by a working group chaired by the head of the administration of the city of Yalta Yanina Pavlenko, it is planned to preserve the historical and cultural landscape with cultural heritage sites of the resort towns of the Southern coast of Crimea (South Coast). In accordance with this, the purpose of the research is to determine the main approaches to preserving the compositional, stylistic and figurative characteristics of the existing architectural ensemble in the historical and cultural landscape of the central part of the resort towns of the South Coast using the example of the city of Yalta. In the course of the study, the features of the historical, cultural and natural landscape, the historical and cultural value of the city of Yalta were studied, the main existing architectural and compositional characteristics of the ensemble of the central part of the resort town, stylistic solutions for accent city-forming public objects were identified. A comparative graphic-analytical analysis of the silhouette originality of the ensemble from the side of the embankment, which was formed in different historical periods, was carried out. As a result of the research, the principles of preservation and restoration of the architectural, artistic and stylistic features of the ensemble, its volumetric and spatial characteristics in the historical, cultural and natural landscape in the modern building of the city of Yalta were determined, which will contribute to the development of the resort potential of the South Coast.
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Architectural and Structural Problems of Modern Museum Construction

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-1-29-42
 29-42 p.
Abstract
The author proposes to consider the significant changes that have recently taken place in the construction and architecture of museums. There has been a fundamental change in society's attitude toward the museum as a source of knowledge, a source of spiritual values. Museum attendance is fall-ing. The way out that modern museums find is determined by the needs of society. And as a result, museums are going through a period of commercialization, which has defined the museum object as an object of entertainment. Museums are moving into the realm of large entertainment and educational centers with concert halls, libraries, conference rooms, children's areas, developed food areas, etc. At the same time, architects are challenging designers to provide complex shaping with modern materials and design solutions. In addition to this there is often a lack of space in the cities for the erection of such buildings. The team of the Department of Architecture at Moscow State University of Architec-ture and Civil Engineering has been working on this problem for many years and offers a new type of building. These are bridge and platform buildings, which are elevated large-span objects. Their design solutions involve the most modern structures in the form of steel reinforced concrete ceilings, multi-lattice trusses and a supporting floor system which allow large spans of up to 100-150 m to be covered, which in turn makes it possible to reuse the urban area previously occupied by railroads, freeways or industrial areas. Large spaces are created inside such objects without intermediate supports, which allows to place in them the most diverse objects in terms of their functionality, including museums.
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Folded Structures in Architecture – The Forgotten Past or the Fashion Returns?

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-1-43-59
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 43-59 p.
Abstract
The article deals with modern trends in the development of folded structures in architecture. The periods of emergence and development of folded structures in foreign and domestic design practice have been studied. In the process of writing the article various methods were used to study and analyze folded structures (FR): a comprehensive analysis of design materials, photofixation, review of professional literature, publications. The objects of Soviet and Russian design experience and objects of foreign practice were selected for the analysis. The total number of objects of analysis is more than 40; the objects presented in the article are 26. On the basis of this study the task was set: to determine the directions in the development of SC in architecture for the near future.
At present, the interest in the folded structures has been revived. As a result of studies of SC in differ-ent time periods, from the beginning of their appearance to the present day, we can say that the folded structures "fashion returns". There are two trends in modern design with the use of SC. The first trend: a new round in the development of SC of long-span roofs and walls, and now there is a powerful basis in the form of programming complex structures to implement the creative potential of SC in the archi-tecture, there are innovative building materials and technologies for the implementation of the object. The second direction is related to the use of folded structures as façade folding elements, working ex-clusively to create a unique appearance of the building. Buildings using folded structures and elements become examples for a variety of contemporary styles in architecture. It is safe to say that folded structures are relevant in contemporary architecture. The use of folded structures and architectural folding elements provides great scope for the implementation of bold architectural ideas and the crea-tion of unique, individual architectural forms, volumes of buildings and structures for buildings of dif-ferent functions.
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Reinforcement of construction of underground structures with shotcrete

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-6-5-18
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 5-18 p.
Abstract
An urgent scientific task, which is of great practical importance for increasing the defense capability of the state and preserving the population, is the improvement of constructive methods for the complex repair of underground structures. Reinforced shotcrete concretes have been developed and their research has been carried out to strengthen underground structures. Achieving the uniform workability of shotcrete (slump 19 cm) was carried out by varying the dosage of the superplasticizer, which has a high water-reducing ability (40%). Some reduction in slump flow (47 cm) was observed at a dosage of ACC in the amount of 35 wt. %. An increase in the density of the mixed mixture with an increase in the content of the aluminosilicate component in the polymineral binder was established. The introduction of the alumino-silicate component in small quantities (up to 25 wt.%) slightly increases the 28-day density of the cement paste (0.3-0.4%). With an increase in the dosage of ACC (up to 35 percent by weight), an increase in the density of 28-day-old samples was noted, which linearly raised with an increase in the amount of introduced aluminosilicates. The effect of increasing the compressive strength of shotcrete concretes on a polymineral binder increased with an increase in the dosage of ACC up to 35% by weight, and the maximum effect is noted for early strength values, in particular, at the age of 1 day, an increase in compressive strength by compared with the composition without additives was 56%, and with bending 62%. This is also confirmed by the high ratios of the values of strength properties in the first day to similar indicators in the grade age: for compressive strength 0.27 (0.23 for clinker compositions without additives), for bending strength 0.30 (0.26 for additive-free clinker compositions). Theoretically and practically proved the effectiveness of the use of the developed shotcrete for strengthening the supporting structures of underground structures with an increase in strength of more than 2 times, which is explained both by the high strength of the obtained repair composition and the monolithic contact zone between the old and new layers of concrete. The developed shotcrete is able to provide the necessary degree of strengthening of the supporting structures of underground structures, while the thickness of the repair layer of 6 cm (with proper soil fixation) allows the use of underground structures as dual-use facilities.
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Technological Solutions Ensuring Reliable Operation of Steel Vertical Reservoirs in Seismic Areas

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-5-5-16
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 5-16 p.
Abstract
The article discusses the relevance of reliable operation of vertical steel reservoirs (RVS) in earthquake-prone areas. Based on the analysis of a number of scientific publications, it has been estab-lished that for the safe functioning of large–sized RVS, it is necessary to install anchor devices, the main purpose of which is the transmission of vertical forces arising from an earthquake in the wall to the base. To do this, they must be securely fixed to the wall and the base in order to evenly distribute efforts across the office of the RVS. In some cases, poor-quality connection of the anchor with the RVS leads to significant stresses in the anchors and there is a possibility of both rupture of the housing itself and rupture of the connection of the housing with the bottom of the tank. It is known that large-sized tanks require a massive base and the installation of anchors with a large number of bolts is a very expensive undertaking.
The article discusses the most common variants of anchors that are used in practice, lists some of their disadvantages and suggests an improved version based on the analysis of scientific publications. The authors present their own development – a modified version of the anchor device, the corresponding design solutions are given and the technology of the device is described. In addition, it was noted the need to increase the bearing capacity of the soils of the RVS foundation, constructed in earthquake-prone areas using geocomposite materials. It is emphasized that the required number and length of an-chor devices, as well as the choice of geocomposite material for soil hardening should be justified by appropriate calculations. It is concluded that in order to ensure reliable operational characteristics of RVS located in seismically hazardous areas, the installation of anchors, despite attracting additional financial resources, is a prerequisite, since in the event of a spill of petroleum products, the restoration of biogeocenosis requires more than one decade and involves enormous material costs.
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Methods of storm water drainage from the roadway in flat urban areas

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-6-19-31
 19-31 p.
Abstract
The research examines the issues of timely and efficient water drainage from the roadway in flat urban areas in the face of numerous forecasts of an increase in the intensity of precipitation intensity and the frequency of showers. The article considers the existing methods of water drainage using a “sawtooth” profile along the edge of the roadway. “Sawtooth” profile schemes were designed in accordance with the current regulatory documents. Unfavorable factors affecting the design and construction of this solution were noted. The article identifies and shows the problem pieces where the “sawtooth” profile method was used on the existing streets. A survey about the driving comfort on the streets with “sawtooth” profile was conducted and its result was shown. The study concluded about the expediency of changes the methods of water drainage from the roadway in flat urban areas. Recommendations were made on the need for changes in the current regulatory documents in order to improve the efficiency of water drainage during periods of increased moisture on the roadway without sacrificing the driving comfort.
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Social communications in architectural solutions in large office centers

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-6-32-53
 32-53 p.
Abstract
In recent decades, the development of such industries as IT, the financial sector, consulting, and other professional services has led to an expansion of the so-called white-collar class employed in office jobs. There was a need to construct large office centers, both within and outside cities with transport accessibility. Companies are interested in comfortable office environments that ensure their efficient functioning, without overspending human and economic resources. Thus, office centers with comfortably organized environments have been in high demand in recent years both for expanding the staff and as investment solutions. The article’s purpose is to present the results of the study on the or-ganization of social communications in the architecture of large office centers (class A). As part of the study, the article analyzes the features of the general functional and planning organization of an office center, as well as the factors influencing the features of urban placement and the formation of the ar-chitectural and planning structure of office buildings. The resulting part of the study identifies the main groups of premises and spaces of office centers, as well as the main premises and spaces of office centers that provide for the organization of social communications. The article shows the features and techniques of the urban planning organization of office centers in terms of external social commu-nications and architectural and planning solutions for the organization of internal social communica-tions of office centers. As the results of the study showed, the concept of adhocracy management has been implemented in Russia. It is adjusted in accordance with the requirements of the time and market development and supported in office interiors by equally flexible planning of open spaces, which can change without significant additional investment in accordance with the needs of a corporation. On the other hand, closed premises have partially ceased to be universal. They are designed and equipped in accordance with the specified functions (meeting rooms, multimedia rooms, telephone booths).
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Consideration of dynamic impacts in the design of cantilever structures

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-6-54-63
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 54-63 p.
Abstract
The article is devoted to the question of the influence of the constructive solution of cantilever structures on the indicators of rigidity and dynamic comfort of the building. The analysis of the influence of the solution of cantilever structures on dynamic indicators is carried out on the example of a building with a metal spatial frame having a cantilever part with a span of 22 meters. Two variants of the building frame were compared in terms of rigidity and dynamic comfort under wind and seismic influences. The calculations were performed in the certified software package "Lira-SAPR". A modal analysis was performed, the frequencies and forms of natural oscillations were determined, the maxi-mum acceleration of the overlap of the cantilever part of the building was determined. It is established that with constant metal consumption, increasing the height of the crossbars due to the use of through structures can significantly increase the rigidity of the system and provide the required indicators of dynamic comfort. Performing dynamic calculations at the stage of variant design allows you to choose the optimal variant of the structural solution of the building
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Compositional analysis: synthesis of abstract painting and architecture of the 20s of the XX century

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-6-64-74
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 64-74 p.
Abstract
The authors broadcast information about the union of architecture and abstract painting and the identification, fixation of the laws and means of composition that were used in the creation of the well-known creative products of architecture, painting, design. The article analyzes the prerequisites for the emergence of an international style that easily integrates into any cultural environment, historical buildings, due to the presence in the products of this direction of the maximum formal sphere and almost complete leveling of the content part in an artificially created compositional form. The study of high-class Heritage samples allows you to develop taste and teaches you to understand the course and origins of the Master’s compositional thought. The study of the formal (compositional) sphere allows you to build the path of the author's work on the project, avoiding mistakes and disappointments.
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