Giyasov A. – Строительные материалы и изделия

Construction and climatic certification of an area as a prerequisite for development of energy-efficient buildings and their external wall constructions

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-5-1

Zhangabay N., Giyasov A., Ibraimova U., Tursunkululy T., Kolesnikov A.

Abstract

Construction and climatic certification and, therefore, the orientation of buildings and building envelopes are important aspects of design and construction, especially in the conditions of specific climatic zones of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main points that should be taken into account when determining climatic conditions, including in certification: the study of climatic conditions at the construction site, such as solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind and other meteorological factors. This permits to select the appropriate building structures, materials and technologies. Based on climatic data, an energy saving strategy is developed to ensure an optimal level of comfort in buildings with minimal costs for heating and air conditioning, as well as to minimize overheating in the summer and provide optimal solar lighting, take into account the prevailing wind directions to minimize the negative impact of strong winds on structures and improve ventilation. The developed methodology of construction and climatic certification and factors of the natural and climatic environment, entered into the passports of the construction object, is the basis for the creation of design documentation of the Architecture section to ensure optimal conditions for the design, construction and operation of buildings and structures.

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Thermovision study of a residential building under climatic conditions of South Kazakhstan in a cold period

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-2-1

Zhangabay N., Giyasov A., Bakhbergen S., Tursunkululy T., Kolesnikov A.

Abstract

In this study, a nine-storey residential building was examined for thermal protection, located in Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan. Two two-room flats were considered with the possibility to inspect the exterior envelopes in four orientations. The examination was carried out at different times of the day according to three criteria: exterior envelope in the form of corner joints, translucent enve-lope in the form of window openings and the exterior façade of the building. The study found that the temperature at the surface of the room joints at lunchtime increased from 0.8% to 12% depending on the orientation of the exterior envelope. At the same time, it was found that in the morning and evening hours the temperature inside the living rooms is maintained at 25.8 - 26.5ºC due to excessive con-sumption of heat energy by increasing the heating power up to 15.6% relative to lunchtime, which leads to an excessive increase in air temperature by 7 - 18%. The value of humidity of living rooms also showed non-compliance with the optimal value by 3 - 15% relative to the current norms. As a result of the analysis of thermograms of translucent openings it was found that the surface temperature of the envelope at lunchtime increased by 9.9 - 23.2% in all cases of orientations, and the surface tem-perature of translucent openings of southern orientation is on average 18.2% higher relative to other orientations, which also indicates the influence of solar radiation on the thermal values of translucent openings. The analysis of thermograms and temperature of characteristic points of the external façade with regard to orientations showed a temperature difference from 7.5ºC to 21ºC depending on the ori-entation of the building, where the most exposed to solar radiation façade of southern orientation, which showed an increase in surface temperature by 3 times. Thus, the obtained results of the study will further contribute to the development of energy-efficient designs of external enclosures, consider-ing the influence of all factors on the process of heat exchange, which is the main objective of the au-thors’ comprehensive study.

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Field thermovision study of externsl enclosure for multi-storey residential building under climatic conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-1

Zhangabay N., Giyasov A., Ybray S., Tursunkululy T., Kolesnikov A.

Abstract

An in-place thermovision study was carried out in a multi-apartment apartment building of high comfort in a cold period of the year, located in the Northern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the work. The study result showed the presence of significant problems on thermal protection at the edge and inner corner fences where the temperature difference between the inner surface of an enclosure and the internal temperature was 6.4 - 19.4ºC. An analysis of thermograms of window joints in living rooms also showed a significant temperature drop from -9.3ºC to 18ºC, where total vulnerable area was up to 10%. Thermograms of window-sill joints of living rooms also showed a temperature drop to -21.1 ºC with an area of 15.7 %. The temperature on a reinforced concrete column’s inner surface showed a value of 6.5 ºC, which is typical for an area of 34.8 %. An analysis of outside and inside temperatures showed that as the temperature drops from -7 ºC to -23 ºC during the day, the inside temperature of the room remains relatively stable at 25.3 - 26.1 ºC, although there are problems with the thermal protection of the enclosures, which indicates overconsumption of heat energy. Moreover, the internal air temperature exceeds the permissible temperature for living rooms by 1.3 - 2.6 ºС. An analysis of air humidity also showed unsatisfactory values, which during the day varied from 17.4% to 21.2%. The deviations identified during the survey indicate the presence of problems on thermal pro-tection of external enclosures, which require additional surveys aimed at further development and op-timization of external enclosure designs to obtain optimal values in the issue of energy saving, consid-ering the climatic characteristics of the Kazakhstan regions.

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