English English

Vol. 3 Issue 1

Archives Journal Construction Materials and Products Vol. 3 Issue 1

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN CONSTRUCTION AND THEIR USE IN ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EVENTS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-7-13
 7-13 p.
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to analyze modern innovative technologies in construction and to develop a method of network planning in construction based on the BIM model.
A clearly defined goal allows to identify the main tasks aimed at its implementation:
- analysis of practical and theoretical experience in the field of innovative technologies at various stages of construction production;
- identification of the research direction and theoretical justification of the chosen direction;
- justification of the practical effectiveness of the selected areas;
- defining a list of innovative methods that serve as a basis for further analysis and conclusions:
- design of the object network planning system based on BIM technologies and network design.
In this work, it is planned to show the algorithm of operations for the use of calendar planning on mass construction sites, adapted for different situations.
The research work allows identifying the advantages of using information modeling of buildings for the stage of operation of the object. The developed basic methodology for organizing functional processes can help improve the established system of housing stock operation. Based on the experience of this study, it is possible to develop this topic in the field of network planning and implementation on practical objects.
PDF

CALCULATION OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS UNDER SEISMIC EFFECT OF “CONTROLLING EARTHQUAKE” LEVEL BY NONLINEAR STATIC METHOD ON THE EXAMPLE OF ADYGHE WIND POWER PLANT

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-14-20
, , ,
 14-20 p.
Abstract
The aim of this work is to test a multi-modal nonlinear static method for seismic impact of the "controlling earthquake" level for high-rise structures on the example of a wind power plant (WWP) with a capacity of 1.5-2.0 mW of the Adyghe WPP using computer modeling in the LIRA 10.10 PC. Additionally, the results were verified in the PC “Ansys”. The main bearing element of the WWP is a tower-pipe with a weak taper, the material of which is high-strength steel S355. The assessment of the structure seismic resistance is performed in physically and geometrically nonlinear settings. At the same time, the Vaughn-Mises strength theory was used for steel. Comparison of the calculation results proves the effectiveness of the multi-modal nonlinear static method. The method under consideration has a number of advantages: tolerance to the initial data in terms of numerical description of the seismic impact, less machine capacity of the calculation in comparison with the direct dynamic method, and the ability to automate the calculation process fully.
PDF

REGULARITIES OF THE PROCESSES OF FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND STRENGTH OF A CLINKER-FREE BINDER OF ALKALINE ACTIVATION

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-21-29
, ,
 21-29 p.
Abstract
Resource- and energy-consuming Portland cement is currently considered the most popular material in the construction industry, but its production can be attributed to the category of harmful industries in terms of the amount of emissions into the environment. Therefore, the development of a clinker-free technology for the production of binders based on mineral fine powders of aluminosilicate nature activated by an alkaline coater is a relevant and promising direction.
In the work, the laws of the processes occurring during the structure formation of clinker-free binder systems of alkaline activation on alkaline cements using blast furnace granulated slags in a finely dispersed state are studied. Formulations are given and the properties of clinker-free binders of alkaline activation on mineral fine powders from rocks of sedimentary and magmatic origin are investigated. Electron probe studies and X-ray phase analysis revealed the presence of hydrated amorphous compounds close in composition to zeolites in cement stone. An analysis of the results allowed us to determine the optimal composition of clinker-free binder alkaline activation “silicified marl + volcanic tuff (70: 30%) + Na2Si03 + Na0H” with activity ranging from 42.0 - 54.5 MPa, depending on the conditions of hardening of the samples.
PDF

EFFICIENCY OF STABILIZERS OF VARIOUS COMPOSITION FOR STRENGTHENING THE SOIL WITH A MINERAL BINDER

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-30-38
, , , ,
 30-38 p.
Abstract
The depletion of natural deposits of traditional inert mineral raw materials (sand, gravel) used to create effective layers of the foundations of roads leads to the development and application of new technologies and alternative materials. One way to solve this problem is to use local raw materials. For the construction of the lower layer of the road basement local soils are often used. However, their use is associated with the development of a set of measures to increase their efficiency, such as stabilization (by the use of chemical additives) and/or strengthening (by the introduction of various types of binders). In this regard, the paper analyzes the physicomechanical characteristics of reinforced clay soils obtained by introduction of various types of stabilizing additives in the presence of an inorganic mineral binder of hydration hardening type - cement - taking into account the recommendations for the used additives. The object of research was the most common representative of clay soils of the Belgorod region – heavy dusty clay loam. As a result of the studies, the authors established the reasonability of the use of the additives in the presence of cement, the most effective compositions of the reinforced soil were identified, contributing to the improvement of its controlled physical and mechanical characteristics. In addition, the need for additional studies to adjust the recommended composition of reinforced soil was established.
PDF

FINE-GRAINED HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-39-43
 39-43 p.
Abstract
The article discusses the possibilities of improving the strength characteristics of fine-grained concrete. Modification of compositions and production technology of fine-grained high-strength concrete is possible with the use of natural and man-made raw materials of various chemical and mineral composition. It is shown that it is possible to increase the economic feasibility of high-strength fine-grained concretes with the preservation of performance characteristics due to the use of man-made raw materials and production waste. The issues of controlling the processes of structure formation and identifying a potentially stable state of hardening compositions are considered, possibly on the basis of modification and design methods for the composition of construction objects with improved properties.
PDF

THE INFLUENCE OF RAW MATERIALS ON THE PROPERTIES OF FOAM GLASS AND THE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-44-48
, , ,
 44-48 p.
Abstract
This paper considers the influence of raw components on the properties of foam glass and the development prospects of its use. The aim of the work is to identify the development prospects of foam glass appliance based on the study of the influence of raw materials on its properties. The task is to study the effect of initial materials on the properties of foam glass and the application fields of foam glass products in detail. To solve the problem a theoretical analysis of the scientific and technical literature and articles is used as a research method. As a result of the study, the main components used in the production of foam glass, their influence on the properties of the ready-made material and the application fields of foam glass products are considered. The authors draw a conclusion that the use of foam glass, which can reduce the effect of electromagnetic radiation, and foam glass made using industrial wastes is prospective.
PDF

MAKING PRODUCTION DECISIONS USING THE EXPERT ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-49-56
 49-56 p.
Abstract
The article deals with the problem of making industrial decisions related to the construction of industrial facilities. The scheme of decision-making is presented, with consideration of its individual components. A method of collective decision-making is proposed for use on a construction site. In general, the idea of using collective intelligence in terms of solving production tasks is justified from the position of objectivity of conclusions. The essence is to obtain estimates for the required number of properties, based on the experience and knowledge of a group of individuals united in a single commission. If the procedure for creating an expert commission and processing the results of expert evaluations is followed, this method becomes a tool for relatively quick decision-making.
The research was based on the work of a number of authors who worked on the problem of expert decision-making methods. The article describes the main stages of applying expert assessment of properties. Various methods of acceptance, processing and output of the examination results at all stages of the survey are presented.
A conceptual scheme for organizing an expert commission was created. A distinctive feature of the project is the setting of a task for specialists, in the interpretation necessary for production. This means that for the same task, the expert, depending on a number of circumstances, can give opposite conclusions.
Based on the research, we can conclude that decision-making tools like the expert commission are in demand. This article shows how to use corrective formulas to turn a collective decision into a reasonable, objective answer to a question.
PDF

DELAY AND COST INCREASE IN LARGE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OF IRAQ

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-57-61
 57-61 p.
Abstract
The planned cost and duration of the project are two criteria for a successful project and successful project management. In Iraq, construction projects regularly faced delays and cost increases.
The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the causes of delays and cost increases, in terms of their degree of occurrence, severity and importance.
Objectives of the study: the study of the reasons leading to excess cost and duration
Research technique: a questionnaire was used to identify the causes of this situation. The questionnaire was compiled through a survey of 57 Iraqi construction experts. Twenty reasons for delays and cost increases corresponding to the construction and industrial construction projects were identified and ranked in terms of importance. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS packages.
Conclusions: The results showed that the main factors affecting the cost and duration of the project are: financial difficulties of the owner (77.61%), poor site management (77.1%), financial difficulties of the contractor (70.0%), poor assistance in project management (76.9%), design changes (76.7%). Spearman's correlation tests showed that there were no differences in views between the three main participants in the project.
These results may encourage practitioners to focus on the problem of delay and the increase in value that may exist in their current or future projects.
PDF

SOME NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-62-69
,
 62-69 p.
Abstract
This article discusses some new modern technologies in the construction of highways. The paper analyzes the use of such innovations as: various modifiers added to bitumen; advanced technologies of engineering surveys and computer-aided design of highways; geosynthetic materials for reinforcing the roadbed and asphalt concrete pavement; PBB; bituminous polymer road belts; geotextile; foam-glass rubble; rubber crumb. The advantages of using innovations in road construction are highlighted. Obstacles to the use of certain technologies are noted, taking into account the Russian reality.
The author concludes that the use of innovative materials becomes economically justified at the stage of construction and subsequent operation of the road surface. New technologies can not only improve the quality of roads, but also improve road safety.
Innovations lead to progressive changes and ensure the dynamic development of the construction industry, primarily by reducing the cost and timing of construction, improving the quality of constructed facilities, and improving the comfort of living and operation.
The paper discusses classical methods for the design works of the foundation and the GM made a review of modern structures and technologies on their device. In order to assess the possibility of using linear calculation for sheet piling fences, deep pit modeling was performed in the SCAD and PLAXIS software systems.
The results of the work are the following conclusions:
1. the method of increasing the efficiency of technologies at the device walling of the pit is proposed;
2. a finite element model of soil and GM collaboration was created.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the options, we used decision-making methods based on optimization criteria, taking into account the degree of risks involved in the work.
It is established that the necessary factor is the geotechnical support of technological impacts, which allows monitoring of works on the degree of safety and impact on highways.
PDF

FREE AND FORCED VIBRATIONS OF SHELLS OF VARIOUS SHAPES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE VARIABILITY OF THE NON-LINEAR ELASTIC MATERIAL

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-70-75
 70-75 p.
Abstract
The article considers issues of shell vibrations, which are widely used in various industries and construction. Shells serve as elements of building structures with large spans.
The chapter “Introduction” discussed issues related to the use of shells in all areas of industry, in aviation, rocket and space technology, railway transport, in the oil and gas industry and provides examples of shells for use in ceilings of circuses, stations, hangars; in industry: shells of rotation used as tanks, containers, columns, reactors, etc. In the section “Materials and research methods” free and forced vibrations of shells of variable thickness made out of nonlinear elastic material reviewed. In shell calculations the Kirchhoff – Law hypothesis was used. It was found that, during vibrations, the shells experience relative deformation of elongation and shear of the surface with coordinates (x, y), as well as bending and torsion strains. It is established that vibrations in the shells lead to a rotation of the main directions of elasticity and regarding to the adopted coordinate axis to angle θ, and the elastic constants of the material depend on the elastic constant Biy – the main directions of the nonlinear elastic shells.
When solving the system of equations of motion of the shell relative to the displacements arising in it during vibration, based on theory R and various methods. The values of the dimensionless frequency parameter for a spherical shell taking into account changes in its curvature, variability and thickness of elastic properties are obtained.
PDF