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Vol. 8 Issue 4

Archives Journal Construction Materials and Products Vol. 8 Issue 4

Opportunities for environmentally sustainable development of low-carbon technologies in cement production

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-1
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Abstract
In the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy, the development and implementation of environmentally sustainable technologies in cement production is becoming a key priority. Therefore, the development of new binding materials with reduced clinker content or no clinker at all is becoming a key area for reducing the carbon footprint in construction. Use of clinker-free binders, such as geopolymers and various equivalents based on mineral additives, can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the construction sector in the environment. The most promising and appropriate benchmark is the disposal of industrial waste of aluminosilicate oxide composition with subsequent mechanical and alkaline activation. For the first time, the microstructure of geopolymers based on aspiration cement dust and tuff has been comprehensively studied. The theoretical prerequisite for the creation of a binder system of such a concept is the synthesis of sufficiently strong and resistant to external manifestations of alkali metals, including the structures of frame aluminosilicates with a hidden crystalline structure. The results of a comprehensive study (X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersion spectrometry, differential thermal analysis and IR spectroscopy) indicate the presence of characteristic hydration reaction products in the geopolymer paste. The following have been identified in the composition of the material: hydrated aluminosilicates; aluminates; silicate groups of sodium and calcium; mineral phases (quartz, calcite); feldspars of the albite-orthoclase series; micaceous components, etc. The data obtained confirm the typical composition characteristic of the processes of structure formation in geopolymer systems. The results obtained on the key results of the conducted studies confirm the high efficiency of the proposed technology and guarantee increased strength and durability of geopolymer concrete.
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Fine-grained cement concrete with compressed structure, modified with basalt technogenic highly dispersed powder

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-2
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Abstract
At present, improving the performance properties of concrete for dry and hot climates due to changing climatic conditions is of increasing interest to a wide range of researchers from the point of view of their practical application in the production of construction products. The paper investigates the possibility of synthesizing a spatially reinforced fine-crystalline structure of cement concrete for dry and hot climates, modified with basalt dust. The introduction of basalt dust waste into the composition of cement concrete forms the structure of artificial stone with the most dense packing. This is achieved by using a complex modifier based on basalt production dust removal waste together with a plasticizing additive in the composition of concrete for dry and hot climates. The introduction of these additives allows creating the best conditions for the process of forming the structure of cement stone from the standpoint of water content. Providing water content at all stages of the synthesis of modified stone allows for the acceleration and more complete flow of hydration and structure formation processes. The combined use of additives, as studies have shown, improves the performance properties of cement concrete, and therefore its use in the production of an expanded range of building products.
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Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on polymer degradation in modified binder and their impact on the performance of stone mastic asphalt concrete

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-3
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Abstract
Bitumen, the primary binder in asphalt concrete, lacks sufficient resistance to prolonged mechanical and environmental stress. To improve its durability, styrene-butadiene polymers are commonly used, although they are prone to oxidative degradation and phase instability. This study proposes a nanostructured approach to enhancing the stability and performance of polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) through the synergistic use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and hydrocarbon plasticizers-specifically, selective oil refining extracts (SORE) and vacuum distillates (VD). Short-term oxidative degradation was assessed using isothermal RTFOT aging at 153, 163, and 173 °C. A classical first-order Arrhenius kinetic model was applied, with dynamic viscosity serving as a rheological proxy for SBS network integrity. Nanomodified compositions exhibited a 6-7-fold reduction in degradation rate constant (from 13.97 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.98 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹) and a 25-60% decrease in the preexponential factor, indicating suppressed molecular mobility and enhanced network cohesion. Performance was validated on SMA-16 specimens, showing up to 240% improvement in shear adhesion at 50 °C and 27% higher water resistance. Rutting resistance also increased, with rut depth reduced to 1.6–1.8 mm after 20,000 loading cycles. To integrate physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics, a set of Partial Quality Criteria (PQC) was developed and used to calculate a Generalized Effectiveness Coefficient (GEC), supporting multi-criteria optimization of asphalt mixtures. These findings confirm that nanostructured dispersed systems based on MWCNTs and hydrocarbon carriers not only delay oxidative degradation but also ensure multifunctional performance gains critical for high-traffic pavement applications.
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Influence of mechanical activation on the characteristics of glass concrete

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-4
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Abstract
This work presents the study of effect of mechanical activation on the properties of glass concrete binder, based on mechanically activated glass and calcium oxide. The goal of the study was to identify patterns of changes in the microstructure and phase composition of the material with different durations of grinding and subsequent hydration.
We found that under mechanical activation for 12 minutes, all calcium oxide enters into a chemical reaction with the formation of the mineral combeyite (Na₂Ca₂Si₃O₉). Further hydration of the material leads to the transformation of combeyite into diverite (Na₂Ca₃Si₆O₁₆) and wollastonite (CaSiO₃). The microstructure is characterized by lamellar structures, an increase in strength is provided by a decrease in the particle size and an increase in the chemical interaction of the components.
It is shown that the duration of mechanical activation has a significant effect on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material. A correlation was established between the duration of grinding and the strength and elastic modulus indices. Thermal and moisture treatment additionally increases the strength of the material, reaching values over 100 MPa.
The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the proposed technology for creating highly efficient building materials with specified physical and technical characteristics, contributing to the savings of traditional cement binders and reducing the pollution of the construction industry.
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Analysis of the influence of temperature loads on the stress-strain state of a pre-stressed cylindrical shell

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-5
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Abstract
The progressiveness of the idea of prestressing consists, on the one hand, in the possibility to regulate the stress state in accordance with the peculiarity of the structure operation, and on the other hand, in the expansion of the economically advantageous range of application of high- and high-strength steels. Such strengthening is also relevant for cylindrical shells, the throughput or storage volumes of which are directly proportional to the operating pressure. The most effective type of prestressing in this case is considered to be winding on the shell body at an angle to the longitudinal axis or in the annular direction without tilting the high-strength profile. In this regard, in this work, a theoretical study of the influence of temperature loads on the stress state of the combined shell was carried out. As a result of the study, an analytical evaluation method was developed that takes into account the mechanical, geometric values of the wall and wrapping material, as well as the parameters of the prestress, taking into account temperature effects. The developed method also found that the established ring stresses in the shell wall increase with an increase in the temperature gradient, and the stresses in the wrapping decrease. At a temperature gradient of 70°C, the ring stresses increased by 1.8 times, and the stresses in the wrapping decreased by 1.3 times. At the same time, the change in operating temperature has a noticeable effect on the distribution of stresses in the wall of the shell and wrapping. Thus, calculations of a main pipeline pre-stressed with steel wire showed that at a temperature gradient of ΔΤ=30°C, the achieved level of prestressing can decrease by 10-12% compared to the initial one, and at ΔΤ=50°C, the pre-stressed wrapping does not affect the stress state of the shell wall. The obtained results of the study indicate that, taking into account the temperature loads on the structure, it is possible to adopt the necessary design parameters for further design of steel shells even more accurately.
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Numerical simulation of nonlinear bending behaviour of uhpc beams

10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-6
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Abstract
This study presents an approach to finite element (FE) modelling in Abaqus FEA for analysis of the nonlinear bending behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) beams. The Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) model was utilized to capture UHPC’s distinctive mechanical properties, including high tensile strength, nearly linear compressive behavior up to peak stress, and unique failure modes of UHPC beams compared to normal strength reinforced concrete beams. Experimentally validated constitutive laws available in literature for plain and fiber-reinforced UHPC under compression and tension were incorporated, with tensile behavior calibrated through inverse modeling based on average strains in the tensile zone of beams. Other CDP parameters, such as eccentricity, viscosity, and dilation angle, were established based on prior research on standard UHPC specimens and simulations of beams. Three-dimensional FE models of UHPC beams, featuring fiber volume fractions 1–2 % and longitudinal reinforcement ratios 0.31–5.13 %, were developed and validated against experimental data from the authors and other researchers. The model accurately predicts load-deflection curves, moment capacities, cross-sectional strains, cracking pattern, and localization of cracks at all loading stages. This FE modeling approach provides a reliable tool for design of UHPC beams, enhancing the structural performance of critical infrastructure, including bridges, viaducts, and marine structures, under complex loading conditions.
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Investigation properties of waste from the chemical and metallurgical industries to assess the possibility of their use in concrete production

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-7
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Abstract
The investigation was conducted on waste from the chemical industry in the form of carbide silt and metallurgical industry in the form of microsilica. For the study, X-ray phase analysis used on a Shimadzu XRD-7000 diffractometer in Cu Kα radiation. Electron microscopic studies were carried out according to GOST R ISO 22309-2015 on a Tescan Vega III SBH electron microscope with an integrated Oxford X-Act energy-dispersive microanalysis system. The Co standard (MAC, reg. no. 9941 Co) and a cassette of standard samples (MAC, reg. no. 11192) were used as samples. Samples were prepared at the Quorum Q150RES spraying station. The amount of raw sludge components was calculated taking into account the preservation of the saturation coefficient and modular characteristics of the cement plant. The calculation of the raw mix consisted in determining the ratios between its components based on the chemical composition of the raw materials and the specified characteristics of the clinker. The possibility is shown and the limits of carbide silt input are determined for use as a lime component of raw sludge in obtaining cement clinker. The possibility of adjusting the lime component of raw sludge by using microsilica is established, which will allow maintaining a balance in silicon content. The identity in the formation of the main clinker phases formed during sludge firing for the pilot sample and the sample made from the enterprise sludge is proven by the X-ray method. Cement of the CEM-II/A22.5N brand was obtained in laboratory conditions, the properties of which correspond to the properties of cement of the industrial enterprise. It is shown that the use of carbide silt and microsilica in the cement industry will allow not only to use them as raw materials, but also to improve the environmental situation in the territory adjacent to these enterprises.
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Influence of carbon black additives and finely ground waste from stone wool production on characteristics of cement systems

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-8
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Abstract
The object of research is cement composites with additives of carbon black and finely ground waste stone wool production. The work aims to design a mix of a cement composite with the additives of carbon black and finely ground waste from stone wool production, which achieves the best strength characteristics. The results show that carbon black is represented on average by particles of 155 microns with inclusions of large agglomerates up to 1-2 mm in size, consisting of almost homogeneous nanoparticles 10-20 nm in size. Carbon black is distinguished by high hydrophobic properties with a true powder density of 900 kg/m3 and a bulk density of 300 kg/m3. The chemical composition of black carbon is 70-80% carbon and 10-15% oxygen, and it also contains impurity compounds of zinc, iron, sulfur, silicon, and other elements. Carbon additives acquire hydrophilic properties in the presence of a plasticizer, and the degree of their influence on hydration becomes less pronounced. The contraction of the binder during the first three hours of hardening is reduced when carbon black is introduced into the cement system in an amount of 8%. A composition with the best strength characteristics was obtained: the content of finely ground waste from stone wool production is 6% by weight of the binder; carbon black content is 4-5%; W/C = 0.2. However, there is difficulty in mixing the mixture at such a low W/C. With a water-cement ratio of 0.3, this problem is solved, and the strength characteristics remain quite high.
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Calendar planning of construction production, taking into account stochastic impacts

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-9
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Abstract
The objective of this project is to enhance the technicues for creating informational models of alternative scenarios for the execution of the schedule and to expand the timeframe for predicting the progress of construction activities in the face of unpredictable factors. As a result of the study, the structure of a cellular automaton with memory, the cells of which quantitatively describe the states of objects of construction production, and the rules of transition between them were optimized. This paper introduces a comprehensive model framework for analyzing technologically and organizationally intertwined processes inherent in construction production. The model incorporates cellular automata to simulate spatial-temporal dynamics, vectors of complex resources to quantify heterogeneous inputs, and intricate process representations to capture the nuanced interdependencies within the cosnstruction system. A meticulously designed methodology has been developed to quantitatively evaluate technological and organizational capabilities, as well as the efficiency of implementing complex processes under constraints on both elemental and aggregated non-storage resources. This approach integrates advanced analytical techniques to assess performance metrics and identify optimization opportunities, ensuring alignment with strategic objectives and resource limitations. The proposed approach provides a robust analytical tool for optimizing construction workflows and enhancing overall project performance, leveraging advanced systems theory and resource optimization techniques.Methods for intensive and extensive optimization of complex process efficiency are formulated. Methods for optimal software implementation of the obtained algorithms are determined. In the shell of the relational database management system, a software package for forming basic and complex structures of a cellular automaton with memory is implemented.
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Planning, architectural, and construction solutions to create a comfortable environment for small cities near megacities

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-10
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Abstract
Due to megacities’ rapid growth and modernization, new development opportunities are opening up for small cities near megacities, affecting their planning, architectural, and construction solutions. This often causes contradictions between the interests of developers, the population, and city authorities. Each party has interests that do not coincide with the values and priorities leading to complex situations affecting the city development. This article considers the urban development of Qosshy (Kazakhstan), focusing on the village’s transformation into a city of regional significance. The objective is to evaluate architectural and planning solutions in combination with socioeconomic opportunities for the development of Qosshy as part of the Astana agglomeration, according to the General Development Plan for Qosshy and the Comprehensive Development Plan for the Astana Agglomeration for 2024-2028. The study focuses on the distinctive features of Qosshy’s urban development, considering the influence of geographical, social, economic, political, and regional factors. The research methodology includes an analysis of documentation, literature, and the results of an online survey conducted by the authors. Qosshy’s residential development reflects regional characteristics, emphasizing creating comfortable living conditions while respecting the traditional lifestyle. Its architecture is shaped by elements of its historical development combined with modern and socially driven approaches. The authors propose practical measures aimed at gradually reconciling the interests of all stakeholders, which could effectively contribute to Qosshy’s development. This article will interest researchers and professionals in urban planning and architecture of small cities.
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