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Controlling the density and thermal conductivity of silicate bricks by adjusting the dispersity of glass powder from glass waste

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-3-6
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Аннотация
Under tightening requirements for the energy efficiency of buildings, the development of building materials with reduced thermal conductivity and with the use of secondary resources is gaining particular relevance. A promising area is the use of cullet in the production technology of silicate bricks as a wall building material. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of dispersity and the content of glass powder obtained from sheet glass waste on the physicomechanical and thermophysical properties of autoclaved silicate bricks. Glass powder was examined as an active silica-containing additive and a source of alkaline Na⁺ ions that affect hydrothermal phase formation. The samples were molded by semi-dry pressing at a pressure of 20 MPa and 10–12% humidity of the mixture, after which the bricks were autoclaved according to the industrial regime of the silicate brick factory of West Kazakhstan Corporation of Building Materials, JSC (174–175°C, 0.8 MPa). The introduction of 5–15% fine glass powder was found to decrease the average density and thermal conductivity coefficient of the product while maintaining strength at the level of grades M150–M200. Microstructural and phase analysis showed a predominance of an amorphous and semi-crystalline C–S–H phase with the suppression of tobermorite formation due to the alkaline effect of glass powder. The study determined that the modification of silicate bricks with glass powder allows obtaining more energy-efficient wall materials without changing the industrial production technology. The findings testify to the prospects of recycling cullet in the silicate brick production technology with the aims of increasing the energy efficiency of the enclosing structures.
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Ensuring decarbonization underground construction technologies of backfilling based on the tailings

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-3-7
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Аннотация
This study presents an innovative strategy for decarbonizing underground construction based on circular waste management by reducing coal mine methane emissions through goaf backfill. High methane emissions are often underestimated due to their low concentrations in ventilation air and leaks from abandoned mines. However, they significantly contribute to the global greenhouse effect. The study combines modeling and evaluation of the underground construction decarbonization effects and coal mining with the development and testing of goaf backfill monoliths based on tailings (Gai Mining and Processing Plant). By analyzing the methane emissions dynamics during coal and gas co-mining, we investigate and quantify gas losses arising from the low efficiency of the mine's gas drainage system, which could be converted into energy. It was found that activation of geomaterials increases the strength properties of backfill composites from 2.54 to 4.56 MPa. The use of activated tailings results in a denser and more homogeneous matrix with a more uniform pore space distribution. Furthermore, their use to ensure the stability of underground drainage boreholes will prevent the emission of 257,195 m³ of coal mine methane. This study confirms the viability of circular waste management in mining, demonstrating significant potential for additional benefits from the transition to sustainable underground construction.
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Mechanical and durability performance of concrete incorporating waste glass powder and ldpe in saline environments

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-3-8
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Аннотация
The depletion of natural sand reserves and the accumulation of plastic and glass waste necessitate sustainable alternatives for concrete production, particularly for infrastructure in aggressive environments such as the Dead Sea region. This study evaluates the mechanical and durability performance of concrete incorporating waste glass powder and Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) granules as partial replacements for fine and Coarse aggregates. Experimental mixes included a control sample and variations with 10% glass powder combined with 5%, 10%, and 15% LDPE, subjected to standard curing and 3-month immersion in a 5% NaCl + 5% Na₂SO₄ saline solution. Mechanical properties were assessed through compressive and tensile strength tests, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and strain gauge measurements, complemented by microstructural analysis using SEM and XRF, and numerical validation via ABAQUS Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) simulations. Results indicated that the mix containing 10% GP and 5% LDPE showed optimal performance, reached a compressive strength of 46.63 MPa , compared to 42.47 MPa for the control. Notably, after saline exposure, this optimal mix showed a 47.49% strength increase, whereas the control suffered a 13.72% reduction, attributed to the pozzolanic reaction of GP and the hydrophobic barrier effect of LDPE. Microstructural analysis confirmed reduced efflorescence (salt crystallization) and ettringite formation in modified samples, while simulations (Abaqus) validated superior stress redistribution capabilities. These findings demonstrate that combining waste glass and LDPE enhances concrete ductility and resistance to chloride and sulfate attack, offering a viable sustainable solution for infrastructure in corrosive marine environments.
Keywords: glass powder, ultra
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Balancing residential growth and social infrastructure in suburban rural settlements: a scenario-based planning model

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-3-9
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Аннотация
The paper addresses the problem of balancing residential development and social infrastructure in a suburban rural settlement experiencing increasing demographic and planning pressure due to its proximity to a major urban center. The study focuses on Michurinskoye rural settlement in Dinskoy District, Krasnodar Krai, which includes five inhabited localities and is located within the suburban influence zone of Krasnodar. The aim of the study is to develop a calculation model that makes it possible to compare the pace of residential load growth with the actual and normative provision of social infrastructure at the level of individual localities. The methodological framework is based on territorial planning documents, local urban planning standards, housing stock data, projected population figures, and the existing service network. The assessment uses demand coefficients for preschool places, school capacity, primary healthcare points, indoor sports halls, and outdoor sports grounds. Based on these indicators, provision coefficients and an integral balance index were calculated. The results show that with population growth from 6,790 to 10,125 residents, the most pronounced infrastructure gap emerges in preschool provision, school capacity, and outdoor sports facilities. The most vulnerable localities according to the integral index are Vishnyaki, Kochetinsky, and Yantarny. Scenario modeling was carried out for three development options: centralized, polycentric, and distributed. The distributed scenario demonstrated the highest integral index value, but taking into account construction and operational efficiency, the polycentric option proved to be the most rational. It involves strengthening the service nodes in Agronom and Zarozhdenie while providing selective local additions in peripheral settlements. The findings may be used for updating master plans, preparing territorial planning documentation, and justifying the phased placement of local service facilities.
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Typological features of design solutions for buildings in areas with the same background climate indicators

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-3-10
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Аннотация
Accounting for climatic conditions in the design of buildings in urbanized areas is gaining practical importance, especially in the context of climate change and exacerbating extreme weather events. The purpose of the study was to systematize architectural and urban planning methods and techniques for protecting buildings from climatic impacts and to develop a classification of climatic adaptation tools by scale levels. The adopted qualitative and quantitative research approach includes literature analysis, case analysis of eight architectural objects from six countries representing four types of macroclimate, and an expert survey of 72 architects and designers. The results of the study outline the influence of macroclimate on the main parameters of development and demonstrate the importance of macroclimate-forming factors. Architectural objects are proposed to be classified into three groups: thermoregulation of site microclimate, thermoregulation of building microclimate, and resistance to extreme influences. A matrix of correspondence between seven types of weather and the recommended architectural and construction solutions is compiled. Substantiation is provided for the order of accounting for the impact of macroclimate in the design process: from the analysis of background factors to the identification of extreme impacts and then the assessment of long-term climatic changes.
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Effect of distilled water at high temperature on ductility and low-cycle fatigue of steel 10MgNi2MoV

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-2-1
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Аннотация
The results of experimental tests of 10MgNi2MoV steel samples for low-cycle fatigue at various deformation rates in air and in distilled water at a temperature of 280 °C in a rigid loading mode with a symmetrical change in the range of elastic-plastic deformations are presented.
Since it is technically difficult to create real operating conditions for the material of a nuclear reactor vessel and a steam generator in laboratory conditions, the authors of the article created testing equipment. The results of experimental tests have shown that high-temperature distilled water significantly reduces the durability of steel than air.
The composition of the water has a great influence; it has been found that neutral water is less damaging than water with high acidity. Distilled water of these parameters, along with a decrease in the cyclic strength of steel, significantly affects its plastic properties. It has been established that during low-cycle deformation in high-temperature water, the plasticity of steel is significantly affected by the rate of elastic-plastic deformation of the material. Plasticity decreases at a certain critical range of deformation rates.
A mathematical model of the change in the ductility of steel in high-temperature water from the rate of deformation of the material is presented.
It has been established that the operating mode of the equipment must be organized so that the deformation rates of the bearing elements are far from the critical deformation rates obtained experimentally.
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Distinguishing characteristics of the molding properties of ceramic masses based on siliceous opoka-like rocks for the production of large-format porous stones using the rigid extrusion method

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-2-2
Аннотация
The article analyzes the main technological approaches to controlling the molding properties of ceramic compounds based on opoka-like rocks – highly porous siliceous rocks for the production of large-format wall blocks by rigid extrusion with horizontal voids. Opoka-like rocks, which are siliceous sedimentary formations, have high dispersion, porosity and a significant content of amorphous silica. Their use in the production of building ceramics makes it possible to reduce the density of products, improve thermal insulation properties and reduce energy consumption for firing. The low plasticity of opoka-like raw materials complicates their molding using traditional methods. Therefore, rigid extrusion represents an effective technological solution for producing parts with complex geometries and specified physical and mechanical properties, while reducing the energy consumption of the process, making it preferable for use in modern, environmentally friendly industries.
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Zemlyanskaya A.G. Distinguishing characteristics of the molding properties of ceramic masses based on siliceous opoka-like rocks for the production of large-format porous stones using the rigid extrusion method. Construction Materials and Products. 2026. 9 (2). 2.

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-2-3
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Аннотация
Polymer composites have become one of the most widely used and beneficial materials in modern industries due to their desirable structure, light weight, high strength, and flexibility. The positive role of these polymer composites is largely dependent on the size, structure, and dispersion phase of the reinforcing phase. In this article through a systematic review the influence of various parameters on the mechanical properties of polymer composites is analyzed, considering reinforcements based on ferrocene and ferrocene containing compounds. Different types of reinforcements, including fine particles (micro and nano), fibers (natural and synthetic), and two dimensional nanomaterials (such as graphene and inorganic compounds), have been investigated.
The innovative role of reinforcements based on ferrocene and their derivatives is discussed in detail, highlighting their potential to simultaneously enhance mechanical, thermal and flame-retardant properties. The reinforcement mechanisms, including effective load transfer strong interfacial bonding, and crack bridging are described. Furthermore hybrid composites, which utilize a combination of multiple reinforcements to achieve superior properties, are reviewed. Analysis of recent studies indicates that ferrocene derivatives, with their unique sandwich structure, significantly improve interfacial adhesion through strong π-π interactions and surface modification capabilities, often leading to a considerable increase in toughness and impact strength. Finally existing challenges and future perspectives including optimizing reinforcement dispersion and the development of smart ferrocene-based composites are discussed.
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Toward protection of urban stone structures from decay using pleurotus ostreatus: mycokarst self-healing material

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-2-4
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Аннотация
The ongoing decay of urban stone structures creates a need for smart materials that enhance durability over the life cycle. Biotechnologies based on fungus Pleurotus ostreatus are explored as a method to strengthen substrates prone to destruction in this study. Their ability to alter properties and adapt to extreme conditions provides the basis for self-healing, strong, resilient, and environmentally friendly biocomposites. Some fungal strains are known to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and to heal cracks in concrete, while Pleurotus ostreatus stimulates calcium oxalate (CaOx) formation. The study investigates whether these microorganisms are able to facilitate carbonate biomineralization without compromising their ability to act as natural sealants. The resulting Mycokarst material, formed from CaCO3-based karst soil, rice, dolomite flour, and Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium, demonstrated cyclic self‑healing and strength gain. It promotes self-strengthening of weak karst soils and stone structures through the formation of mycelial and limestone frameworks without external intervention. Mycokarst represents a new generation of smart biocomposites and offers a green approach to protecting urban mineral-based infrastructure from decay, while reducing CO2 emissions and environmental impact and minimizing human and technological interference with construction and restoration.
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Autogenous shrinkage of cement and concrete with superplasticizers of various chemical bases

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-2-5
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Аннотация
Introduction. The stress-strain state of massive monolithic reinforced concrete structures during the early stages can cause cracks due to temperature deformation and autogenous shrinkage of concrete. Ignoring the deformations caused by autogenous shrinkage in calculations of the stress-strain state is often an unjustified simplification. This emphasizes the importance of studying the influence of formulations and technological factors on the amount and rate of autogenous shrinkage in concretes. The kinetics of autogenous shrinkage, especially during the first two days of hardening, can vary significantly depending on the specific characteristics of the cement and superplasticizer used. The aim of the study. To investigate the influence of the type of cement and superplasticizers with different chemical basis on the magnitude and kinetics of autogenous shrinkage and to obtain the necessary equations for calculations of thermally stressed states in the early stages. Methods. Analysis of existing approaches to assessing autogenous shrinkage in cement paste and concrete. Experimental study of autogenous shrinkage of cement pastes. Comparison results with published data and EN and JSCE standards. Results. Based on the proposed equation a classification of autogenous shrinkage kinetic of cements is proposed. The kinetics of autogenous shrinkage was varied: at the age of one day, the amount of autogenous shrinkage relative to seven days can vary up to six times, at the age of three days up to two times. An equation of the dependence of autogenous shrinkage on concrete strength is proposed for calculating the thermally stressed state of massive monolithic structures in the early period.
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