Русский Русский

Архив

Fine-grained cement concrete with compressed structure, modified with basalt technogenic highly dispersed powder

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-2
, , , , ,
Аннотация
At present, improving the performance properties of concrete for dry and hot climates due to changing climatic conditions is of increasing interest to a wide range of researchers from the point of view of their practical application in the production of construction products. The paper investigates the possibility of synthesizing a spatially reinforced fine-crystalline structure of cement concrete for dry and hot climates, modified with basalt dust. The introduction of basalt dust waste into the composition of cement concrete forms the structure of artificial stone with the most dense packing. This is achieved by using a complex modifier based on basalt production dust removal waste together with a plasticizing additive in the composition of concrete for dry and hot climates. The introduction of these additives allows creating the best conditions for the process of forming the structure of cement stone from the standpoint of water content. Providing water content at all stages of the synthesis of modified stone allows for the acceleration and more complete flow of hydration and structure formation processes. The combined use of additives, as studies have shown, improves the performance properties of cement concrete, and therefore its use in the production of an expanded range of building products.
PDF

Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on polymer degradation in modified binder and their impact on the performance of stone mastic asphalt concrete

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-3
, ,
Аннотация
Bitumen, the primary binder in asphalt concrete, lacks sufficient resistance to prolonged mechanical and environmental stress. To improve its durability, styrene-butadiene polymers are commonly used, although they are prone to oxidative degradation and phase instability. This study proposes a nanostructured approach to enhancing the stability and performance of polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) through the synergistic use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and hydrocarbon plasticizers-specifically, selective oil refining extracts (SORE) and vacuum distillates (VD). Short-term oxidative degradation was assessed using isothermal RTFOT aging at 153, 163, and 173 °C. A classical first-order Arrhenius kinetic model was applied, with dynamic viscosity serving as a rheological proxy for SBS network integrity. Nanomodified compositions exhibited a 6-7-fold reduction in degradation rate constant (from 13.97 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.98 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹) and a 25-60% decrease in the preexponential factor, indicating suppressed molecular mobility and enhanced network cohesion. Performance was validated on SMA-16 specimens, showing up to 240% improvement in shear adhesion at 50 °C and 27% higher water resistance. Rutting resistance also increased, with rut depth reduced to 1.6–1.8 mm after 20,000 loading cycles. To integrate physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics, a set of Partial Quality Criteria (PQC) was developed and used to calculate a Generalized Effectiveness Coefficient (GEC), supporting multi-criteria optimization of asphalt mixtures. These findings confirm that nanostructured dispersed systems based on MWCNTs and hydrocarbon carriers not only delay oxidative degradation but also ensure multifunctional performance gains critical for high-traffic pavement applications.
PDF

Influence of mechanical activation on the characteristics of glass concrete

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-4
, , , , , , ,
Аннотация
This work presents the study of effect of mechanical activation on the properties of glass concrete binder, based on mechanically activated glass and calcium oxide. The goal of the study was to identify patterns of changes in the microstructure and phase composition of the material with different durations of grinding and subsequent hydration.
We found that under mechanical activation for 12 minutes, all calcium oxide enters into a chemical reaction with the formation of the mineral combeyite (Na₂Ca₂Si₃O₉). Further hydration of the material leads to the transformation of combeyite into diverite (Na₂Ca₃Si₆O₁₆) and wollastonite (CaSiO₃). The microstructure is characterized by lamellar structures, an increase in strength is provided by a decrease in the particle size and an increase in the chemical interaction of the components.
It is shown that the duration of mechanical activation has a significant effect on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material. A correlation was established between the duration of grinding and the strength and elastic modulus indices. Thermal and moisture treatment additionally increases the strength of the material, reaching values over 100 MPa.
The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the proposed technology for creating highly efficient building materials with specified physical and technical characteristics, contributing to the savings of traditional cement binders and reducing the pollution of the construction industry.
PDF

Development of a modified bitumen emulsion to enhance the operational properties of asphalt concrete

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-3-1
, , , , , , ,
Аннотация
At present, the primary objective of the road construction industry is to increase the service life of road pavements by implementing innovative technologies that meet modern standards of operational reliability. The key advantages of bitumen emulsions were analyzed, including improved adhesion and cohesion, environmental safety, resistance to water exposure, rapid curing and opening to traffic, applicability under cold conditions, as well as enhanced stability and durability. The research findings confirm the benefits of using bitumen emulsions in road construction, contributing to high-quality and long-lasting pavement performance. Studies were conducted on the modification of petroleum bitumen. The additional incorporation of Kulantau vermiculite into the composition enhances and stabilizes adhesion across a wide range of ambient humidity and temperature conditions. The adhesion process can be regarded as the adsorption of bitumen emulsion on the surface of mineral aggregates. Adsorption occurs through intermolecular interactions, and adhesion is improved by strengthening these interactions, which is achieved by increasing the activity of the bitumen emulsion through the introduction of additives with active functional groups. It was found that incorporating secondary polyethylene and Kulantau vermiculite into asphalt concrete leads to a noticeable decrease in the air void content. This reduction enhances the material’s resistance to moisture and freeze-thaw cycles.
PDF

Analysis of the influence of temperature loads on the stress-strain state of a pre-stressed cylindrical shell

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-5
, , , , ,
Аннотация
The progressiveness of the idea of prestressing consists, on the one hand, in the possibility to regulate the stress state in accordance with the peculiarity of the structure operation, and on the other hand, in the expansion of the economically advantageous range of application of high- and high-strength steels. Such strengthening is also relevant for cylindrical shells, the throughput or storage volumes of which are directly proportional to the operating pressure. The most effective type of prestressing in this case is considered to be winding on the shell body at an angle to the longitudinal axis or in the annular direction without tilting the high-strength profile. In this regard, in this work, a theoretical study of the influence of temperature loads on the stress state of the combined shell was carried out. As a result of the study, an analytical evaluation method was developed that takes into account the mechanical, geometric values of the wall and wrapping material, as well as the parameters of the prestress, taking into account temperature effects. The developed method also found that the established ring stresses in the shell wall increase with an increase in the temperature gradient, and the stresses in the wrapping decrease. At a temperature gradient of 70°C, the ring stresses increased by 1.8 times, and the stresses in the wrapping decreased by 1.3 times. At the same time, the change in operating temperature has a noticeable effect on the distribution of stresses in the wall of the shell and wrapping. Thus, calculations of a main pipeline pre-stressed with steel wire showed that at a temperature gradient of ΔΤ=30°C, the achieved level of prestressing can decrease by 10-12% compared to the initial one, and at ΔΤ=50°C, the pre-stressed wrapping does not affect the stress state of the shell wall. The obtained results of the study indicate that, taking into account the temperature loads on the structure, it is possible to adopt the necessary design parameters for further design of steel shells even more accurately.
PDF

Comprehensive analysis of digital technology applications in construction site management

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-1
, , , ,
Аннотация
This study examines the transformative impact of digital technologies on construction site management in the Russian Federation. Using a multi-method research approach incorporating content analysis, comparative assessment, systems analysis, and SWOT evaluation, the research investigates how Building Information Modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence applications reconfigure traditional construction processes. Findings demonstrate that smart construction sites implement informatization across four critical dimensions: personnel management, machinery administration, material resource coordination, and construction target optimization. Comparative analysis reveals significant advantages of technology-enhanced approaches over conventional methods, particularly in multi-location collaborative workflows, simulation modeling, construction process visualization, and remote monitoring capabilities. The SWOT analysis identifies initial capital investment requirements, specialized workforce development, and systems integration complexities as primary implementation challenges. The research concludes that smart construction sites represent an evolutionary progression in the construction industry, with implementation effectiveness directly correlating to organizational digital maturity, ultimately establishing unprecedented levels of construction production efficiency and operational safety.
PDF

Application of vertical-axis wind turbines for environmet-riendly high-rise buildings power supply

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-3-2
, , ,
Аннотация
The climate changes and depletion of natural resources within the recent decades have given a rise to an interest in sustainable power supply development, wind and solar energy in particular. According to IEA forecasts, the share of the wind power in global power production will have risen from 7% in 2022 to 15% in 2030. Despite the preveilance of the fossil fuels, the use of the wind power in architecture is important for the carbon emission reduction.
Integration of the wind power plants requires an analysis of wind conditions, design, and compliance with the norms. The vertical-axis wind turbines applicable for use in the urban environment are efficient at the low wind speed, they require minimum maintenance and are capable of supplying power to the residential houses. The researches demonstrate that the vertical-axis turbines are more appropriate for installation at the top storeys of the buildings where they are resistant to changes of wind directions and are safe to operate.
Contemporary wind power technologies are of big importance in creating environment-friendly and energy-efficient buildings by promoting the saving of resources and reduction of greenhouse gases emission. this article dwells upon the integration of low-power wind plants into the architecture of the high-rise buildings.
PDF

Man-made waste is the dominant component of knitting compositions

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-3-3
, , , , ,
Аннотация
Improving the quality and durability of construction materials while simultaneously reducing the costs of their production and use remains a pressing issue in construction material science. Analyzing the industrial experience of using construction composites leads to the conclusion that new technologies are based on the dominant position of the active binder component, which is responsible for accelerating the hydration processes, targeted formation of the phase composition, and modification of the structure of the cement paste. Combining clinker and mineral components, incorporating chemical modifiers, and properly designing the formulation and preparation technology of the binder composition and concrete mix makes it possible to achieve the desired design strength, reduce cement consumption, and lower product cost.
This paper presents the results of studying a complex pozzolanic additive, whose material composition enables the formation of a denser stone structure due to an additional active source of unhydrated calcium silicates and sodium/calcium aluminosilicates. The resulting filled binder exhibits properties significantly superior to control samples. Using local inert materials and achieving a 25% reduction in clinker, concrete mixes of classes B20–22.5 were developed. These are widely used in the casting of foundations, floor slabs, stair flights, paving elements, and other concrete and reinforced concrete products.
PDF

Technical solutions and technologies for energy-efficient overhaul of apartment buildings

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-3-4
, , , ,
Аннотация
The study presents a comparative analysis of technical solutions and technologies for energy-efficient capital repairs of apartment buildings. The purpose of the study is to determine the most effective ways to increase the energy efficiency of a residential building by carrying out repair work. The methodological approaches of the study are based on a statistical analysis of the data on the results of major repairs in the practice of world construction. According to the results of the study, it was found that when planning major repairs in order to reduce energy consumption, special attention should be paid to choosing a set of technical solutions that collectively contribute to improving the energy efficiency of a residential building. The analysis showed that with the introduction of modern energy-saving technologies, the overhaul of apartment buildings makes it possible to modernize each building, increasing its level of energy efficiency and prolong its service life for at least a quarter of a century, which as a result improves the quality of life of citizens and accelerates the economic growth of the country. In our opinion, taking into account the international experience of reducing heat losses and energy consumption in residential apartment buildings, it is necessary to adopt new rules establishing approaches to determining the energy efficiency class and appropriate labeling of construction products, with a transition from using a relative indicator (deviations of the actual or projected annual specific energy consumption from the normative value) to setting minimum and maximum values (ranges of values) of energy consumption in apartment buildings for each energy efficiency class.
PDF

Investigation properties of microsilica to assess the possibility of its use as an additive in concrete production

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-3-5
, , , ,
Аннотация
A comprehensive study of the composition, structure and properties of microsilica from the sludge field of JSC Kremniy was conducted. It was shown that the capture of microsilica during gas purification with a soda solution and its storage under a layer of water on the sludge field for many years contributed to the formation of agglomerates of particles with an average size of 7-16 μm, consisting of nanosized amorphous silica particles of spherical shape. It was found that microsilica has a relatively low pozzolanic activity, and agglomerates of its particles formed during capture during gas purification and long-term storage on the sludge field reduce the efficiency of using microsilica as an active mineral additive. To increase the activity of microsilica and destroy agglomerates, intensive mechanical action is required during the processing of microsilica as part of various building materials. The laboratory studies have confirmed the possibility of using microsilica in the construction industry as an active mineral additive to cements, including as a substitute for part of the clinker, as an "acidic" component of unfired hydraulic and autoclave hardening binder, and as a silica-containing additive to raw sludge for clinker firing. It has been shown that the use of microsilica from JSC "Kremniy" in the construction industry will improve the environmental situation in the region, and the experience of using waste described in the work can be extended to other metallurgical enterprises.
PDF