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English
The development of new rust converter formulations is a relevant issue that contributes to increasing the competitive edge of domestic products and sustainable development of various branches of the economy. The aim of the study is to determine the corrosion resistance of various phosphate films on the metal surface when exposed to salt spray, as well as to determine hardness and resistance to abrasion (scratching).
Materials and methods: Metal rods are coated with a film using a special surface treatment with orthophosphoricacid-based rust converters. The study introduces a new experimental rust converter formulation containing a Lewis acid (or its salts) and dispersed nanopowders of oxide and other inorganic/organic complexes.
Results: Tests revealed that full-scale corrosion of metal rods treated with the experimental formulations began after 9 and 10 days, while untreated rods were showing signs of corrosion as early as on the second day. These films also demonstrated a hardness of 490 HV (modified scale of a TEMP-4 hardness tester) and withstood a maximum indenter load of 4.1 kg (measured with PROMTPP-1518) based on ISO 1518 method (scratching with a needle).
Conclusions: Based on the test results, it was concluded that the modified phosphate films exhibit high hardness and resistance to needle scratching according to ISO 1518 method, and also exhibit increased corrosion resistance to salt spray. However, the demonstrated resistance is insufficient for exposure to a salt spray chamber for 42 days.
Materials and methods: Metal rods are coated with a film using a special surface treatment with orthophosphoricacid-based rust converters. The study introduces a new experimental rust converter formulation containing a Lewis acid (or its salts) and dispersed nanopowders of oxide and other inorganic/organic complexes.
Results: Tests revealed that full-scale corrosion of metal rods treated with the experimental formulations began after 9 and 10 days, while untreated rods were showing signs of corrosion as early as on the second day. These films also demonstrated a hardness of 490 HV (modified scale of a TEMP-4 hardness tester) and withstood a maximum indenter load of 4.1 kg (measured with PROMTPP-1518) based on ISO 1518 method (scratching with a needle).
Conclusions: Based on the test results, it was concluded that the modified phosphate films exhibit high hardness and resistance to needle scratching according to ISO 1518 method, and also exhibit increased corrosion resistance to salt spray. However, the demonstrated resistance is insufficient for exposure to a salt spray chamber for 42 days.
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12. Luksha O.V., Belous N.Kh., Rodtsevich S.P., Chernetskaya V.M. Hydrophobization of fine-grained Portland cement concrete with spent filter and bleaching powders. Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of Chemical Sciences. 2024. 1 (60). P. 63 – 72. DOI: 10.29235/1561-8331-2024-60-1-63-72
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14. Nikiforova T., Kozlov V., Razgovorov P., Politaeva N., Velmozhina K., Shinkevich P., Chelysheva V. Heavy metal ions(ii) sorption by a cellulose-based sorbent containing sulfogroups. Polymers. 2023. 21 (15). P. 4212. DOI: 10.3390/polym15214212
15. Perevoshchikova A.N., Valtsifer I.V., Kondrashova N.B., Voronina N.S. Study of physical and mechanical properties of concrete with the addition of a multifunctional additive. Nanotechnology in construction: scientific online journal. 2024. 16 (2). P. 170 – 179. DOI: 10.15828/2075-8545-2024-16-2-170-179
16. Phan D.Q., Phan V.Ph., Tran N.L. Effects of environments contaminated with chlorides and sulfates on rc columns. Architecture and Engineering. 2025. No. 10. 1 (10). P. 59 – 69. DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2025-10-1-59-69
17. Razgovorov P., Loginova S., Politaeva N., Velmozhina K., Shinkevich P. Modification of liquid glasses is a key factor in the technology of obtaining hybrid compositions and coatings with anticorrosive properties. Coatings. 2023. 6 (13). P. 974. DOI: 10.3390/coatings13060974
18. Rumyantseva V.E., Krasilnikov I.V., Galtsev A.A., Strokin K.B., Krasilnikova I.A. Industrial safety management throughout the life cycle of construction projects in the textile industry when exposed to fungal microorganisms. News of higher educational institutions. Technology of the textile industry. 2025. 1 (415). P. 245 – 257. DOI: 10.47367/0021-3497_2025_1_245
19. Rubin O.D., Kozlov D.V., Antonov A.S., Amer Almasri, Zhang Junhao. Design and experimental studies of strengthening of backwater type hydraulic structures with composite materials. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2024. 4 (20). P. 119-140. DOI: 10.22337/2587-9618-2024-20-4-119-140
20. Tang B.H., Maekawa K., Tan K.-H. Analytical model of corrosion-induced cracks in concrete considering timevarying deformations of layers, mechanical properties of rust. Construction and Building Materials. 2021. 316. Article 125883. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125883
21. Vernezi N.L., Kosenko E., Kosenko V., Demchenko D. Research of strength capabilities of building steels under temperature effects. Journal of Physics Conference Series 2131 (2). P. 022019. DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/2131/2/022019
22. Vo Van Nam, Nguyen T.T. Evaluate the influence of concrete strength on the level of corrosion of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete beam structures, taking into account the applied load. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2024. 3 (20). P. 35 – 44. DOI: 10.22337/2587-9618-2024-20-3-35-44
23. Wang Z., Maekawa K., Takeda H., Gong F. Numerical simulation and experiment on the coupled effects of macrocell corrosion and multi-ion equilibrium with pseudo structural concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2021 123. Article 104181.
24. Wei A., Tan M.Y., Koay Y.-C., Hu X., Al-Ameri R. Effect of carbon fiber waste on steel corrosion of reinforced concrete structures exposed to the marine environment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021. 316. Article 128356. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128356
25. Yang Z., Li Q., Liu M., Xue N., Yu L., Xu Li., Wu K. Efflorescence inhibition and microstructure evolution of Portland cement-based artificial stone induced by mineral additives. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2022. 17. Article e01509. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01509
26. Zhang Y., Xu M., Song J., Wang Ch., Wang X., Hamad B.A. Study on the corrosion change law and prediction model of cement stone in oil wells with CO2 corrosion in ultra-high-temperature acid gas wells. Construction and Building Materials. 2022. 323. Article 25879. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125879
2. Ataqulova D.D. Metallarning korroziyadan kimyoviy himoyalashda alifatik aminonitril hosilalarini qoʻllash // Sanoatda raqamli texnologiyalar. 2024. 2 (4). P. 156 – 160. DOI: 10.70769/3030-3214.SRT.2.4.2024.37
3. Dai L., Long D., Wang L. Meso-scale modeling of concrete cracking induced by 3D corrosion expansion of helical strands. Computers & Structures. 2021. 254. Article 106615. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2021.106615
4. Deryushev V., Zaitseva M., Kosenko E., Kosenko V. The quality analysis of the anticorrosion coatings metal structures operating in difficult conditions. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering. 913 (4):042059. DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/913/4/042059
5. Guzmán-Torres J.A., Domínguez-Mota F.J., Alonso-Guzmán E.M. A multi-layer approach to classify the risk of corrosion in concrete specimens that contain different additives. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2021. 15. Article 00719. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm. 2021.e00719
6. Hesham Sokairge, Fareed Elgabbas, Hany Elshafie. Structural behavior of RC beams strengthened with prestressed near surface mounted technique using basalt FRP bars. Engineering Structures. 2022. 250 (9). P. 113489 – 113489.
7. Kao N.L., Shevtsov D.S., Nguyen V. Chi., Nong K.K., Nguyen V.Kh., Zyablov A.N., Zartsyn I.D. Development of a bimetallic packet sensor for monitoring the corrosion of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures. Bulletin of higher educational institutions. Series: Chemistry and chemical technology. 2023. 66 (8). P. 121 – 128. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20236608.6881
8. Konovalova V.S. Investigation of the effect of volumetric hydrophobization on the kinetics of mass transfer processes occurring in cement concretes during corrosion. Materials. 2023. No. 10 (16). P. 3827. DOI: 10.3390/ma16103827
9. Konovalova V. Influence of chloride-containing media on the protective properties of concrete. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2021. 95. P. 260 – 265. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54652-6-39
10. Lin K.N., Shevtsov D.S., Chi N.V., Kuang N.K., Minenkova I.V., Gam F.T., Tien N.A., Zyablov A.N. Evaluation of the efficiency of coconut dust extract as a corrosion inhibitor for steel reinforcement in concrete by mass spectrometry. Sorption and chromatographic processes. 2023. 5 (23). P. 906 – 914. DOI: 10.17308/sorpchrom.2023.23/11725
11. Loginova S., Tanichev M., Kalinin A. Study of corrosion resistance of nanomodified concrete in biologically aggressive environments. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science. 2024. 4 (14). P. 217 – 222. DOI: 10.31407/ijees14.426
12. Luksha O.V., Belous N.Kh., Rodtsevich S.P., Chernetskaya V.M. Hydrophobization of fine-grained Portland cement concrete with spent filter and bleaching powders. Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of Chemical Sciences. 2024. 1 (60). P. 63 – 72. DOI: 10.29235/1561-8331-2024-60-1-63-72
13. Maher El-Tair A., El-Feky M.S., Mohsen A., Kohail M. Properties of nano engineered concrete subjected to accelerated corrosion. Nanotechnologies in Construction: A Scientific Internet-Journal. 2021. 5 (13). P. 293 – 305. DOI: 10.15828/2075-8545-2021-13-5-293-305
14. Nikiforova T., Kozlov V., Razgovorov P., Politaeva N., Velmozhina K., Shinkevich P., Chelysheva V. Heavy metal ions(ii) sorption by a cellulose-based sorbent containing sulfogroups. Polymers. 2023. 21 (15). P. 4212. DOI: 10.3390/polym15214212
15. Perevoshchikova A.N., Valtsifer I.V., Kondrashova N.B., Voronina N.S. Study of physical and mechanical properties of concrete with the addition of a multifunctional additive. Nanotechnology in construction: scientific online journal. 2024. 16 (2). P. 170 – 179. DOI: 10.15828/2075-8545-2024-16-2-170-179
16. Phan D.Q., Phan V.Ph., Tran N.L. Effects of environments contaminated with chlorides and sulfates on rc columns. Architecture and Engineering. 2025. No. 10. 1 (10). P. 59 – 69. DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2025-10-1-59-69
17. Razgovorov P., Loginova S., Politaeva N., Velmozhina K., Shinkevich P. Modification of liquid glasses is a key factor in the technology of obtaining hybrid compositions and coatings with anticorrosive properties. Coatings. 2023. 6 (13). P. 974. DOI: 10.3390/coatings13060974
18. Rumyantseva V.E., Krasilnikov I.V., Galtsev A.A., Strokin K.B., Krasilnikova I.A. Industrial safety management throughout the life cycle of construction projects in the textile industry when exposed to fungal microorganisms. News of higher educational institutions. Technology of the textile industry. 2025. 1 (415). P. 245 – 257. DOI: 10.47367/0021-3497_2025_1_245
19. Rubin O.D., Kozlov D.V., Antonov A.S., Amer Almasri, Zhang Junhao. Design and experimental studies of strengthening of backwater type hydraulic structures with composite materials. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2024. 4 (20). P. 119-140. DOI: 10.22337/2587-9618-2024-20-4-119-140
20. Tang B.H., Maekawa K., Tan K.-H. Analytical model of corrosion-induced cracks in concrete considering timevarying deformations of layers, mechanical properties of rust. Construction and Building Materials. 2021. 316. Article 125883. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125883
21. Vernezi N.L., Kosenko E., Kosenko V., Demchenko D. Research of strength capabilities of building steels under temperature effects. Journal of Physics Conference Series 2131 (2). P. 022019. DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/2131/2/022019
22. Vo Van Nam, Nguyen T.T. Evaluate the influence of concrete strength on the level of corrosion of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete beam structures, taking into account the applied load. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2024. 3 (20). P. 35 – 44. DOI: 10.22337/2587-9618-2024-20-3-35-44
23. Wang Z., Maekawa K., Takeda H., Gong F. Numerical simulation and experiment on the coupled effects of macrocell corrosion and multi-ion equilibrium with pseudo structural concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2021 123. Article 104181.
24. Wei A., Tan M.Y., Koay Y.-C., Hu X., Al-Ameri R. Effect of carbon fiber waste on steel corrosion of reinforced concrete structures exposed to the marine environment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021. 316. Article 128356. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128356
25. Yang Z., Li Q., Liu M., Xue N., Yu L., Xu Li., Wu K. Efflorescence inhibition and microstructure evolution of Portland cement-based artificial stone induced by mineral additives. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2022. 17. Article e01509. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01509
26. Zhang Y., Xu M., Song J., Wang Ch., Wang X., Hamad B.A. Study on the corrosion change law and prediction model of cement stone in oil wells with CO2 corrosion in ultra-high-temperature acid gas wells. Construction and Building Materials. 2022. 323. Article 25879. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125879
Loginova S.A., Goglev I.N. Salt spray corrosion test, hardness test, and abrasion test of nano-modified phosphate coatings. Construction Materials and Products. 2026. 9 (1). 3. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-1-3