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Ключевые слова: ceramic block

The production technology of high-performance ceramic stones based on the products of processing of coal dumps

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-4-4
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Аннотация
The aim of the research was to study the main properties of coal dumps processing products, their impact on the quality of finished products and the development of a technology for manufacturing process of ceramic stones with high efficiency. Structural features and chemical-mineralogical composition of coal dumps processing products have been studied, their pre-fired and firing ceramic properties have been studied. The raw mass compositions were chosen based on this, along with testing of laboratory samples. The impact of different technological factors on the properties of the final products has been identified and established. The material composition and technological properties of fine, fine and medium fraction materials are shown. A basic classification of the products derived from processing of waste heaps has been conducted based on grain composition, coal component content, and mineralogical and petrographic characteristics. The optimal formulations for raw material mixtures and the manufacturing process for producing large ceramic bricks with an average density below 800 kg/m3 are described. The impact of grinding degree of the waste heap processing products and the firing temperature on the strength of the samples have been established. The incorporation of finely dispersed products from waste heap processing decreases the density and strength of the samples. It is suggested to use semi-rigid extrusion technology for molding these products. Utilizing processed coal waste materials in wall ceramics production will aid in their disposal and enhance the environmental conditions in the area. This research was conducted in Russia at Don State Technical University in Rostov-on-Don. In creating a technology for producing ceramic blocks from screenings of waste heap processing in Eastern Donbass, minimal production costs and high profitability of production are envisaged.
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Analysis of thermal efficiency of external fencing made of innovative ceramic blocks

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-3-1
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Аннотация
The paper presents a comprehensive theoretical study of the external fencing structure made of innovative Porortherm 38 ceramic blocks in comparison with traditional structures made of solid ceramic brick, hollow ceramic brick and gas block. The study was conducted in the climatic conditions of Shymkent city, South Kazakhstan. The middle temperature values of the frostiest 5 days with a provision of 0,92 were adopted as the external temperature. The results of the study of the actual resistance (Rf) of the structures under study showed that all adopted structures meet the condition Rf˃Rreq, while the actual resistance of the new structure is 1.3 times more efficient than traditional ones. The analysis of temperature fields showed that the new structure is 2% more efficient than traditional ones. Moreover, no additional insulation costs are required. The obtained results were also confirmed by computer modeling in the ELCUT software package. The results of calculating the humidity regime showed that a condensation area appears in almost all the structures under consideration. The results of calculating the amount of moisture evaporated from the multicoat structure of the external fencing during the torrefaction period showed that all the accumulated moisture will evaporate during the specified period, the calculation of the condition of inadmissibility of moisture accumulation in the structures of external fencings for an annual period and for the period of moisture accumulation showed that all the considered structures meet the requirement . The results of calculating the air regime of multicoat structures of external fencings also showed that all structures including the new one meet the condition . The result of calculating the value of thermal inertia (D) in the proposed structure is up to three times more efficient than traditional structures, which applies to structures with high inertia (7˂D). The obtained results of the study indicate that the new proposal of a structure made of ceramics is cost-effective, innovative blocks can be proposed as a supplement to the register of materials of existing standards.
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