Толстиков В.В.

Кандидат технических наук, Московский государственный строительный университет, Москва, Россия

INVESTIGATING THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL STABILITY FOR CSG DAMS

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-3-45-54
Аннотация
Due to the increasing human demand for dam building, as well as the progress and development of this industry, engineers are always trying to move in the direction of two factors: cost reduction and environmental protection. Dams with Symmetrical profile dams (trapezoidal plate) made of material (cement sand and gravel - CSG) are a new types of dams that have been used widely in countries in recent years. Cement, sand and gravel are used in dam bodies presenting properties between concrete dams and earth dams. The raw materials used in these dams include riverbed sand, drilling debris and aerated rocks, and so on. Indicating that the choosing of aggregates among these materials is not very strict and there is no necessity for equipment for grain sorting. As a consequence, this not only reduces resource consumption and environmental degradation, but also reduces operating costs. So the dam is called “zero emission dam” (dam without pollution) in abroad, and has been known as a kind of environmental protection hydraulic structures. Distinctive features of this type of dam are “material rationalization”, “construction rationalization” and “design rationalization”. The specialized design of these dams is a combination of finite element design and dynamic analysis method. Because these two methods can simultaneously provide a di-rect and reasoned assessment of internal and external stability. For the basic design of a trapezoid-shaped CSG dam, strength and modulus of elasticity in linear range are used as material properties of CSG. , Nevertheless, taking account of plasticity of CSG, the trapezoid-shaped CSG dam is considered to have enough safety margin against stress generated during earthquakes. In this article, introduction of a trapezoid-shaped CSG dam, result of stress analyses and dynamic properties of CSG confirmed by cyclic loading tests are described. From the test results, it is confirmed that a stress-strain curve clearly showed non-linearity compared with concrete. The elasticity of stress- strain relationship was confirmed by cyclic loading tests under conditions that the maximum compressive stress did not exceed the linear range of CSG.
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МИРОВОЙ ОПЫТ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ГРАВИТАЦИОННЫХ ПЛОТИН ИЗ ОСОБО ТОЩЕЙ БЕТОННОЙ СМЕСИ

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2021-4-2-19-28
Аннотация
В статье рассмотрены основные аспекты строительства плотин симметричного профиля из материала «твёрдая насыпь» или другие названия («тощий» бетон, сцементированная «песчано-гравийная смесь» CSG). Рассматриваются конструкции типовых профилей плотин уже осуществлённых проектов, и приводятся сведения, касающиеся характеристик и методов производства данного материала. Рассмотрены основные свойства этого материала и принцип его получения. Проанализированы работы в этой области инженеров из России, Японии, Ирана, Кореи, Китая, и Турции. Эти конструкции плотин характеризуются высокой надёжностью и экономичностью, но и, главное, намного большей технологичностью или высокой скоростью строительства, мало зависящей от местных природных факторов, чем традиционные плотины из укатанного бетона.
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