Tolstikov V.V.

Candidate of Engineering Sciences (Ph.D.), Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russia

INVESTIGATING THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL STABILITY FOR CSG DAMS

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-3-45-54
Abstract
Due to the increasing human demand for dam building, as well as the progress and development of this industry, engineers are always trying to move in the direction of two factors: cost reduction and environmental protection. Dams with Symmetrical profile dams (trapezoidal plate) made of material (cement sand and gravel - CSG) are a new types of dams that have been used widely in countries in recent years. Cement, sand and gravel are used in dam bodies presenting properties between concrete dams and earth dams. The raw materials used in these dams include riverbed sand, drilling debris and aerated rocks, and so on. Indicating that the choosing of aggregates among these materials is not very strict and there is no necessity for equipment for grain sorting. As a consequence, this not only reduces resource consumption and environmental degradation, but also reduces operating costs. So the dam is called “zero emission dam” (dam without pollution) in abroad, and has been known as a kind of environmental protection hydraulic structures. Distinctive features of this type of dam are “material rationalization”, “construction rationalization” and “design rationalization”. The specialized design of these dams is a combination of finite element design and dynamic analysis method. Because these two methods can simultaneously provide a di-rect and reasoned assessment of internal and external stability. For the basic design of a trapezoid-shaped CSG dam, strength and modulus of elasticity in linear range are used as material properties of CSG. , Nevertheless, taking account of plasticity of CSG, the trapezoid-shaped CSG dam is considered to have enough safety margin against stress generated during earthquakes. In this article, introduction of a trapezoid-shaped CSG dam, result of stress analyses and dynamic properties of CSG confirmed by cyclic loading tests are described. From the test results, it is confirmed that a stress-strain curve clearly showed non-linearity compared with concrete. The elasticity of stress- strain relationship was confirmed by cyclic loading tests under conditions that the maximum compressive stress did not exceed the linear range of CSG.
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WORLD EXPERIENCE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GRAVITY DAMS FROM A PARTICULARLY LEAN CONCRETE MIX

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2021-4-2-19-28
Abstract
The article discusses the main aspects of the construction of dams with a symmetrical profile from the material "solid embankment" or other names ("lean" concrete, cemented "sand and gravel mixture" CSG). The design of typical profiles of dams of implemented projects is considered, and information regarding the characteristics and methods of production of this material is provided. The main properties of this material and the principle of its preparation are considered. The work in this area of engineers from Russia, Japan, Iran, Korea, China, and Turkey is analyzed. These dam structures are characterized by high reliability and efficiency, but also, most importantly, by a much higher adaptability or high speed of construction, which is little dependent on local natural factors than traditional rolled concrete dams.
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