In the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy, the development and implementation of environmentally sustainable technologies in cement production is becoming a key priority. Therefore, the development of new binding materials with reduced clinker content or no clinker at all is becoming a key area for reducing the carbon footprint in construction. Use of clinker-free binders, such as geopolymers and various equivalents based on mineral additives, can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the construction sector in the environment. The most promising and appropriate benchmark is the disposal of industrial waste of aluminosilicate oxide composition with subsequent mechanical and alkaline activation. For the first time, the microstructure of geopolymers based on aspiration cement dust and tuff has been comprehensively studied. The theoretical prerequisite for the creation of a binder system of such a concept is the synthesis of sufficiently strong and resistant to external manifestations of alkali metals, including the structures of frame aluminosilicates with a hidden crystalline structure. The results of a comprehensive study (X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersion spectrometry, differential thermal analysis and IR spectroscopy) indicate the presence of characteristic hydration reaction products in the geopolymer paste. The following have been identified in the composition of the material: hydrated aluminosilicates; aluminates; silicate groups of sodium and calcium; mineral phases (quartz, calcite); feldspars of the albite-orthoclase series; micaceous components, etc. The data obtained confirm the typical composition characteristic of the processes of structure formation in geopolymer systems. The results obtained on the key results of the conducted studies confirm the high efficiency of the proposed technology and guarantee increased strength and durability of geopolymer concrete.