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Ключевые слова: glass powder

Rational technology for the use of glass cullet and fly ash in silicate bricks to improve the thermal insulation properties of enclosing structures

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-3-1
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Аннотация
A topical issue in the modernization of housing and communal services is increasing the energy efficiency of enclosing structures while maintaining the standard strength and durability of wall materials. The study aimed to investigate opportunities for the use of glass cullet and fly ash in the production of autoclaved silicate bricks to reduce their thermal conductivity. The tested characteristics included average density, the thermal conductivity coefficient, compressive and flexural strength, water absorption, and frost resistance. The introduction of glass powder and fly ash was found to consistently lower the average density of silicate bricks from 1,910–1,950 to 1,625–1,700 kg/m³ and the thermal conductivity from 0.88–0.91 to 0.52–0.54 W/(m•K). The optimal compositions (samples No. 2 and No. 3) reduced thermal conductivity by 25–30% compared to the control sample with compressive strength remaining above 17.5 MPa and frost resistance in the range of F27–F35. An analysis of microstructural and phase characteristics based on SEM and XRD data showed that the improvement of thermophysical properties was due to the formation of a finely porous structure and a mixed hydrate matrix containing tobermorite and an amorphous C–S–H phase. The results confirm the expedience of using glass cullet and fly ash to produce energy-efficient silicate bricks suitable for use in enclosing structures in the framework of modernizing the facilities of housing and community services, which will not require major changes to current production technologies.
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Controlling the density and thermal conductivity of silicate bricks by adjusting the dispersity of glass powder from glass waste

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-3-6
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Аннотация
Under tightening requirements for the energy efficiency of buildings, the development of building materials with reduced thermal conductivity and with the use of secondary resources is gaining particular relevance. A promising area is the use of cullet in the production technology of silicate bricks as a wall building material. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of dispersity and the content of glass powder obtained from sheet glass waste on the physicomechanical and thermophysical properties of autoclaved silicate bricks. Glass powder was examined as an active silica-containing additive and a source of alkaline Na⁺ ions that affect hydrothermal phase formation. The samples were molded by semi-dry pressing at a pressure of 20 MPa and 10–12% humidity of the mixture, after which the bricks were autoclaved according to the industrial regime of the silicate brick factory of West Kazakhstan Corporation of Building Materials, JSC (174–175°C, 0.8 MPa). The introduction of 5–15% fine glass powder was found to decrease the average density and thermal conductivity coefficient of the product while maintaining strength at the level of grades M150–M200. Microstructural and phase analysis showed a predominance of an amorphous and semi-crystalline C–S–H phase with the suppression of tobermorite formation due to the alkaline effect of glass powder. The study determined that the modification of silicate bricks with glass powder allows obtaining more energy-efficient wall materials without changing the industrial production technology. The findings testify to the prospects of recycling cullet in the silicate brick production technology with the aims of increasing the energy efficiency of the enclosing structures.
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Mechanical and durability performance of concrete incorporating waste glass powder and ldpe in saline environments

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-3-8
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Аннотация
The depletion of natural sand reserves and the accumulation of plastic and glass waste necessitate sustainable alternatives for concrete production, particularly for infrastructure in aggressive environments such as the Dead Sea region. This study evaluates the mechanical and durability performance of concrete incorporating waste glass powder and Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) granules as partial replacements for fine and Coarse aggregates. Experimental mixes included a control sample and variations with 10% glass powder combined with 5%, 10%, and 15% LDPE, subjected to standard curing and 3-month immersion in a 5% NaCl + 5% Na₂SO₄ saline solution. Mechanical properties were assessed through compressive and tensile strength tests, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and strain gauge measurements, complemented by microstructural analysis using SEM and XRF, and numerical validation via ABAQUS Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) simulations. Results indicated that the mix containing 10% GP and 5% LDPE showed optimal performance, reached a compressive strength of 46.63 MPa , compared to 42.47 MPa for the control. Notably, after saline exposure, this optimal mix showed a 47.49% strength increase, whereas the control suffered a 13.72% reduction, attributed to the pozzolanic reaction of GP and the hydrophobic barrier effect of LDPE. Microstructural analysis confirmed reduced efflorescence (salt crystallization) and ettringite formation in modified samples, while simulations (Abaqus) validated superior stress redistribution capabilities. These findings demonstrate that combining waste glass and LDPE enhances concrete ductility and resistance to chloride and sulfate attack, offering a viable sustainable solution for infrastructure in corrosive marine environments.
Keywords: glass powder, ultra
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