Русский
English
This study investigates the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys AlSi10Mg and AK9ch fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM), taking into account the build orientation (longitudinal, transverse, 45°) and applied heat treatment regimes (stress-relieving annealing, T6 treatment, prolonged aging). A comprehensive tensile test program was conducted to determine ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness. Results show that SLM-processed specimens significantly outperform conventionally cast AK9ch, especially after T6 treatment, achieving up to 285 MPa in strength with ~9% elongation. For the first time, it is demonstrated that the Russian casting alloy AK9ch is suitable for SLM technology, with post-treatment strength reaching 259 MPa and ductility ~5%, comparable to that of AlSi10Mg. The influence of build orientation was found to be negligible at high relative density (>99%). The findings confirm the potential of additive manufacturing to produce high-performance aluminum parts using domestic alloys, offering a promising path toward import-independent 3D production in Russia.
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2. Zhao L., Zhu H., Zhang X., Qiu C., Wang Y. Review on the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties of LPBF AlSi10Mg. Additive Manufacturing. 2022. 52. P.102658.
3. Ashwath P., Pazhani A., Ali M. Selective laser melting of Al–Si–10Mg alloy: microstructural studies and mechanical properties. Journal of Materials Research & Technology. 2022. 17. P. 2249 – 2258.
4. Roveda I., Casati R., Garcin T., Cloetens P., et al. Influence of a 265 °C heat treatment on the residual stress state of a PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg alloy. Journal of Materials Science. 2022. 57. P. 1910 – 1926.
5. Kashapov R.N., Kashapov N.F., Kashapov L.N., Klyuev S.V., Chebakova V.Yu. Study of the plasma-electrolyte process for producing titanium oxide nanoparticles. Construction Materials and Products. 2022. 5 (5). P. 70 – 79.
6. Kashapov R.N., Kashapov N.F., Kashapov L.N., Klyuev S.V. Plasma electrolyte production of titanium oxide powder. Construction Materials and Products. 2022. 5 (6). P. 75 – 84.
7. Limbasiya N., Kumar A., et al. A comprehensive review on effects of process parameters and post-process treatments on SLM of AlSi10Mg. Journal of Materials Research & Technology. 2022. 18. P. 4567 – 4591.
8. Gao B., Li Z., Zhang M., et al. A review of research progress in selective laser melting of metallic materials. Micromachines. 2022. 13 (1). P. 57.
9. Roveda I., Garcin T., Cloetens P., et al. Investigation of residual stresses and microstructure effects in PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg under heat treatment. Materials Today Communications. 2022. 33. P. 104632.
10. Bolshakov P., Raginov I., Egorov V., Kashapova R., Kashapov R., Baltina T., Sachenkov O. Design and optimization of lattice endoprosthesis for long bones: manufacturing and clinical experiment. Materials. 2020. 13 (5). P. 1185.
11. Chu F., Kou H., et al. Influence of powder surface chemistry/size on defect formation in LPBF AlSi10Mg. Additive Manufacturing. 2023. 72. P. 103298.
12. Lehner P., Leitner M., et al. Influence of the as-built surface and a T6 heat treatment on the fatigue behaviour of LPBF AlSi10Mg. Wear. 2024. P. 546 – 547. P. 205435.
13. Wan J., Zhou Y., et al. Simultaneously enhancing strength and ductility in LPBF AlSi10Mg via thermal route. Materials Research Letters. 2023. 11 (6). P. 527 – 534.
14. Ghio E., Grotta C., et al. Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V Alloys: Microstructure and Mechanical Performance – A Review. Micromachines. 2022. 13 (3). P. 485.
15. Leo P., Del Prete A., et al. On the Effect of Exposure Time on Al-Si10-Mg Powder Bed Fusion. Metals. 2024. 14 (1). P. 76.
16. Guillén D., et al. Critical Review of LPBF Metal Print Defects Detection (incl. AlSi10Mg). Applied Sciences. 2024. 14 (15). P. 6718.
17. Snopiński P., Appiah A., Hilšer O., Hajnyš J. ECAP post-processing effects on SLM AlSi10Mg. Materials. 2022. 15 (23) P. 8577.
18. Kramer S., Wexel H., Schulze V., Zanger F., et al. Impact of pore types on tensile and fatigue properties of LPBF AlSi10Mg. Progress in Additive Manufacturing. 2025. 10. P. 122 – 135.
19. Akhtar M., Muzamil M., et al. Post-wear surface morphology of SLM AlSi10Mg after heat exposure to different gas flames. Coatings. 2024. 14 (3). P. 252.
20. Fang X., Zhang L., Song B. Microstructural evolution and hardening from annealing of SLM AlSi10Mg. Materials. 2022. 15 (7). P. 2528.
21. Jelis E., Barmore M., Angeles J., Todd A., Tugay Y. High-temperature mechanical properties of stress-relieved AlSi10Mg (LPBF). Materials. 2022. 15 (20) P. 7134.
22. Li C., Liu Z., Fang X. Selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg: Corrosion behaviour. Materials. 2024. 17 (4). P. 1234.
23. Zhou B., Elwany A., Pei Z. Understanding the LPBF of AlSi10Mg alloy. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 2023. 92. P. 13 – 25.
24. Chu F., Kou H., et al. Influence of powder size distribution on defect generation and properties in LPBF AlSi10Mg. Additive Manufacturing. 2023. 71. P. 103279.
25. Trevisan F., Calignano F. Selective laser melting of Al alloy lattice structures: corrosion and wear resistance. Additive Manufacturing. 2021. 38 P. 101728.
26. Jiang X., et al. A Review of Wear in Additive Manufacturing (включая композиты на основе AlSi10Mg). Lubricants. 2024. 12(9). P. 321.
27. Spierings A.B., et al. LPBF of AlSi10Mg-based composites with nanodiamond/graphene additives. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2023. 948. P. 169639.
28. Soyama H. Improvement of fatigue strength of LPBF AlSi10Mg by submerged laser peening. Coatings. 2024. 14(9) P. 1174.
29. Yu Y., et al. Very-high-cycle fatigue prediction for SLM AlSi10Mg considering defect size and build direction. Aerospace. 2023. 10 (9). P.823.
30. Wang X, Zhang D, Li A, Yi D, Li T. A Review on Traditional Processes and Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Aluminum Alloy Microstructures, Mechanical Properties, Costs, and Applications. Materials. 2024. 17 (11). P. 2553.
31. García-Zapata JM, Torres B, Rams J. Effects of Building Direction, Process Parameters and Border Scanning on the Mechanical Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion AlSi10Mg. Materials (Basel). 2024. 17 (15). P. 3655.
32. Shi S., Zhao Y., Yang H., Jia C., Deng H., Zhang T., Huang W. Achieving superior strength-plasticity performance in laser powder bed fusion of AlSi10Mg via high-speed scanning remelting. Materials Research Letters. 2024. 12 (9). P. 668 – 677.
2. Zhao L., Zhu H., Zhang X., Qiu C., Wang Y. Review on the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties of LPBF AlSi10Mg. Additive Manufacturing. 2022. 52. P.102658.
3. Ashwath P., Pazhani A., Ali M. Selective laser melting of Al–Si–10Mg alloy: microstructural studies and mechanical properties. Journal of Materials Research & Technology. 2022. 17. P. 2249 – 2258.
4. Roveda I., Casati R., Garcin T., Cloetens P., et al. Influence of a 265 °C heat treatment on the residual stress state of a PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg alloy. Journal of Materials Science. 2022. 57. P. 1910 – 1926.
5. Kashapov R.N., Kashapov N.F., Kashapov L.N., Klyuev S.V., Chebakova V.Yu. Study of the plasma-electrolyte process for producing titanium oxide nanoparticles. Construction Materials and Products. 2022. 5 (5). P. 70 – 79.
6. Kashapov R.N., Kashapov N.F., Kashapov L.N., Klyuev S.V. Plasma electrolyte production of titanium oxide powder. Construction Materials and Products. 2022. 5 (6). P. 75 – 84.
7. Limbasiya N., Kumar A., et al. A comprehensive review on effects of process parameters and post-process treatments on SLM of AlSi10Mg. Journal of Materials Research & Technology. 2022. 18. P. 4567 – 4591.
8. Gao B., Li Z., Zhang M., et al. A review of research progress in selective laser melting of metallic materials. Micromachines. 2022. 13 (1). P. 57.
9. Roveda I., Garcin T., Cloetens P., et al. Investigation of residual stresses and microstructure effects in PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg under heat treatment. Materials Today Communications. 2022. 33. P. 104632.
10. Bolshakov P., Raginov I., Egorov V., Kashapova R., Kashapov R., Baltina T., Sachenkov O. Design and optimization of lattice endoprosthesis for long bones: manufacturing and clinical experiment. Materials. 2020. 13 (5). P. 1185.
11. Chu F., Kou H., et al. Influence of powder surface chemistry/size on defect formation in LPBF AlSi10Mg. Additive Manufacturing. 2023. 72. P. 103298.
12. Lehner P., Leitner M., et al. Influence of the as-built surface and a T6 heat treatment on the fatigue behaviour of LPBF AlSi10Mg. Wear. 2024. P. 546 – 547. P. 205435.
13. Wan J., Zhou Y., et al. Simultaneously enhancing strength and ductility in LPBF AlSi10Mg via thermal route. Materials Research Letters. 2023. 11 (6). P. 527 – 534.
14. Ghio E., Grotta C., et al. Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V Alloys: Microstructure and Mechanical Performance – A Review. Micromachines. 2022. 13 (3). P. 485.
15. Leo P., Del Prete A., et al. On the Effect of Exposure Time on Al-Si10-Mg Powder Bed Fusion. Metals. 2024. 14 (1). P. 76.
16. Guillén D., et al. Critical Review of LPBF Metal Print Defects Detection (incl. AlSi10Mg). Applied Sciences. 2024. 14 (15). P. 6718.
17. Snopiński P., Appiah A., Hilšer O., Hajnyš J. ECAP post-processing effects on SLM AlSi10Mg. Materials. 2022. 15 (23) P. 8577.
18. Kramer S., Wexel H., Schulze V., Zanger F., et al. Impact of pore types on tensile and fatigue properties of LPBF AlSi10Mg. Progress in Additive Manufacturing. 2025. 10. P. 122 – 135.
19. Akhtar M., Muzamil M., et al. Post-wear surface morphology of SLM AlSi10Mg after heat exposure to different gas flames. Coatings. 2024. 14 (3). P. 252.
20. Fang X., Zhang L., Song B. Microstructural evolution and hardening from annealing of SLM AlSi10Mg. Materials. 2022. 15 (7). P. 2528.
21. Jelis E., Barmore M., Angeles J., Todd A., Tugay Y. High-temperature mechanical properties of stress-relieved AlSi10Mg (LPBF). Materials. 2022. 15 (20) P. 7134.
22. Li C., Liu Z., Fang X. Selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg: Corrosion behaviour. Materials. 2024. 17 (4). P. 1234.
23. Zhou B., Elwany A., Pei Z. Understanding the LPBF of AlSi10Mg alloy. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 2023. 92. P. 13 – 25.
24. Chu F., Kou H., et al. Influence of powder size distribution on defect generation and properties in LPBF AlSi10Mg. Additive Manufacturing. 2023. 71. P. 103279.
25. Trevisan F., Calignano F. Selective laser melting of Al alloy lattice structures: corrosion and wear resistance. Additive Manufacturing. 2021. 38 P. 101728.
26. Jiang X., et al. A Review of Wear in Additive Manufacturing (включая композиты на основе AlSi10Mg). Lubricants. 2024. 12(9). P. 321.
27. Spierings A.B., et al. LPBF of AlSi10Mg-based composites with nanodiamond/graphene additives. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2023. 948. P. 169639.
28. Soyama H. Improvement of fatigue strength of LPBF AlSi10Mg by submerged laser peening. Coatings. 2024. 14(9) P. 1174.
29. Yu Y., et al. Very-high-cycle fatigue prediction for SLM AlSi10Mg considering defect size and build direction. Aerospace. 2023. 10 (9). P.823.
30. Wang X, Zhang D, Li A, Yi D, Li T. A Review on Traditional Processes and Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Aluminum Alloy Microstructures, Mechanical Properties, Costs, and Applications. Materials. 2024. 17 (11). P. 2553.
31. García-Zapata JM, Torres B, Rams J. Effects of Building Direction, Process Parameters and Border Scanning on the Mechanical Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion AlSi10Mg. Materials (Basel). 2024. 17 (15). P. 3655.
32. Shi S., Zhao Y., Yang H., Jia C., Deng H., Zhang T., Huang W. Achieving superior strength-plasticity performance in laser powder bed fusion of AlSi10Mg via high-speed scanning remelting. Materials Research Letters. 2024. 12 (9). P. 668 – 677.
Kashapov N.F., Kashapov L.N., Fazlyev M.R., Kiiamova L.I., Sabitov L.S., Aktyamova L.Sh. Orientation-dependent mechanical properties of 3D-printed components fabricated by selective laser melting of metal powders. Construction Materials and Products. 2025. 8 (6). 12. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-6-12