Русский
English
Zinc ultrafine powder has found applications in the medical, electronic, chemical, construction, and metallurgical industries. Existing methods of producing zinc powder have a number of drawbacks: some of them are highly energy-consuming, while others are characterized by low productivity and a coarse-grained structure of the powders. A solution to this problem can be found in the use of a gas discharge between an electrolytic anode and a metallic cathode immersed in an alkaline solution.The aim of this work was to study the combustion processes of a gas discharge between an electrolytic anode and a metallic cathode immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The possibility of applying a gas discharge with a liquid electrolytic anode for the production of zinc powder from alkaline solutions has been established.The pulsed mode can be used at the voltages of the I-V characteristic curve only in the region where intensive hydrodynamic disturbances are observed and where a gradual increase occurs in the area of the metallic electrode surface covered by the gas discharge (U = 150–215 V for a 1% solution, U = 100–125 V for a 3% solution, and U = 70–110 V for a 5% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide).
1. Bruggeman P.J., Frontiera R.R., Kortshagen U., Kushner M.J., Linic S., Schatz G.C. et al. Advances in plasma-driven solution electrochemistry. Journal of Chemical Physics. 2025. 162 (7). P. 071001.
2. Kashapov R.N., Kashapov L.N., Kashapov N.F., Chebakova V. Yu. Kinetics of two-phase gas–liquid mediums in electrolysis processes. High Temperature. 2022. 60 (3). P. S356 – S362.
3. Kim J., Lee H., Park K., Cho D., Oh S. Optimization of micro-arc oxidation of titanium alloy by varying current mode and electrolyte composition. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2021. 888. P. 114876.
4. Primc G., Brenčič K., Mozetič M., Gorjanc M. Recent advances in the plasma-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2021. 11 (5). P. 1191.
5. Horák J., Nikiforov V., Stuchlíková E., Obrazcov A., Nevludová M., Kalina L. Synthesis of Ag and Cu nanoparticles by plasma discharge in inorganic salt solutions. Nanotechnology Reviews. 2023. 12 (1). P. 20220549.
6. Lu S., Sun X., Zhang B., Wu J. Review of cathode plasma electrolytic treatment: progress, applications, and advancements in metal coating preparation. Materials. 2024. 17 (16). P. 3929.
7. Li H., Zhao G., Yu H., Cheng K., Feng X., Liu Y., Zhou J., Bai M., Ni F., Wu J., Sun Z. Low current density cathode plasma electrolytic deposition of aluminum alloy based on a bipolar pulse power supply. Coatings. 2024. 14 (7). P. 835.
8. Stojadinović S., Pjević D., Radić N. Photocatalytic properties of ZnO/WO₃ coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation of a zinc substrate in a tungsten-containing electrolyte. Coatings. 2023. 15 (6). P. 657.
9. Kashapov R.N., Kashapov N.F., Kashapov L.N., Klyuev S.V., Chebakova V.Yu. Study of the plasma-electrolyte process for producing titanium oxide nanoparticles. Construction Materials and Products. 2022. 5 (5). P. 70 – 79.
10. Li N., Wang H., Liu Q., Hao Z., Xu D., Chen X., Cui D., Xu L., Feng Y., Li J. Review of preparation and key functional properties of micro-arc oxidation coatings on various metal substrates. Coatings. 2025. 15 (10). P. 1201.
11. Zampardi G., Compton R. G. Fast electrodeposition of zinc onto single zinc nanoparticles. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 2020. 24. P. 2695 – 2702.
12. Liu Y., Zhang X., Zheng L., Gao Y. Influence of hydrogen evolution on zinc electrodeposition morphology in alkaline solution. Electrochimica Acta. 2022. 415. P. 140167.
13. Gupta R., Noda S., Demirci U. B., Lightfoot P., Yadid G. Electrolytic plasma deposition of metal oxides: a review of nanomaterial synthesis strategies. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 2021. 441. P. 213994.
14. Yang L., Xie W., Wei G., Zhang Q. Effect of gas bubble formation on zinc electrodeposition in sulfate electrolytes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2023. 170 (3). P. 031525.
15. Zhao Q., Li Z., Xu C., Sun Y., Meng F. Nanostructure synthesis by pulsed discharge plasma in liquid electrolytes: metal oxide nanorods formation. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing. 2020. 40 (6). P. 1371 – 1386.
16. Kashapov N.F., Yamaleev M.M., Lukashkin L.N., Grebenschikov E.A., Gilev I.Yu., Kashapov R.N., Kashapov L.N. Development of a plasma-chemical method for producing amorphous silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Construction Materials and Products. 2022. 5 (5). P. 80 – 90.
17. Zhao X., Tian J., Zhu Y., Wang M. Cathodic plasma electrochemical reduction of metal ions: mechanism and applications. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2020. 167 (14). P. 144802.
18. Sharma N., Khare R., Singh A. K., Gahlot A., Aryan S. Fabrication of ZnO nanoflowers by pulsed laser ablation in aqueous electrolytic solution. Applied Surface Science. 2022. 589. P. 152972.
19. Park E., Lee S., Choi S., Jung Y. Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via DC spark discharge in aqueous solution. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 2023. 51 (2). P. 4202105.
20. Chen D., Li H., Wang D., Yang J., Liu M., Cao Y. Electrolytic plasma processing: an innovative route for nanoparticle synthesis and surface modification. Surfaces and Interfaces. 2021. 26. P. 101351.
21. Anders C., Oks E., Anders A. Overview of pulsed discharges in liquids: fundamentals and applications in materials processing. Plasma Processes and Polymers. 2020. 17 (11). P. e2000055.
22. Huang Q., Yang S., Shi J. Experimental study of gas film formation on electrode surfaces under plasma electrolysis. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing. 2025. 45. P. 55 – 68.
23. Lucas R.R., Sales-Contini R.C.M., da Silva F.J.G., Botelho E.C., Mota R.P. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO): an alternative to conventional anodization process. AIMS Materials Science. 2024. 11 (4). P. 684 – 711.
24. Nikolić N.D., Vasiljević N., Popov K.I., Pavlović L.J. Correlation between morphology and crystal structure of electrolytically produced zinc dendritic particles. Metals. 2024. 14 (12). Article 1468.
2. Kashapov R.N., Kashapov L.N., Kashapov N.F., Chebakova V. Yu. Kinetics of two-phase gas–liquid mediums in electrolysis processes. High Temperature. 2022. 60 (3). P. S356 – S362.
3. Kim J., Lee H., Park K., Cho D., Oh S. Optimization of micro-arc oxidation of titanium alloy by varying current mode and electrolyte composition. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2021. 888. P. 114876.
4. Primc G., Brenčič K., Mozetič M., Gorjanc M. Recent advances in the plasma-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2021. 11 (5). P. 1191.
5. Horák J., Nikiforov V., Stuchlíková E., Obrazcov A., Nevludová M., Kalina L. Synthesis of Ag and Cu nanoparticles by plasma discharge in inorganic salt solutions. Nanotechnology Reviews. 2023. 12 (1). P. 20220549.
6. Lu S., Sun X., Zhang B., Wu J. Review of cathode plasma electrolytic treatment: progress, applications, and advancements in metal coating preparation. Materials. 2024. 17 (16). P. 3929.
7. Li H., Zhao G., Yu H., Cheng K., Feng X., Liu Y., Zhou J., Bai M., Ni F., Wu J., Sun Z. Low current density cathode plasma electrolytic deposition of aluminum alloy based on a bipolar pulse power supply. Coatings. 2024. 14 (7). P. 835.
8. Stojadinović S., Pjević D., Radić N. Photocatalytic properties of ZnO/WO₃ coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation of a zinc substrate in a tungsten-containing electrolyte. Coatings. 2023. 15 (6). P. 657.
9. Kashapov R.N., Kashapov N.F., Kashapov L.N., Klyuev S.V., Chebakova V.Yu. Study of the plasma-electrolyte process for producing titanium oxide nanoparticles. Construction Materials and Products. 2022. 5 (5). P. 70 – 79.
10. Li N., Wang H., Liu Q., Hao Z., Xu D., Chen X., Cui D., Xu L., Feng Y., Li J. Review of preparation and key functional properties of micro-arc oxidation coatings on various metal substrates. Coatings. 2025. 15 (10). P. 1201.
11. Zampardi G., Compton R. G. Fast electrodeposition of zinc onto single zinc nanoparticles. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 2020. 24. P. 2695 – 2702.
12. Liu Y., Zhang X., Zheng L., Gao Y. Influence of hydrogen evolution on zinc electrodeposition morphology in alkaline solution. Electrochimica Acta. 2022. 415. P. 140167.
13. Gupta R., Noda S., Demirci U. B., Lightfoot P., Yadid G. Electrolytic plasma deposition of metal oxides: a review of nanomaterial synthesis strategies. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 2021. 441. P. 213994.
14. Yang L., Xie W., Wei G., Zhang Q. Effect of gas bubble formation on zinc electrodeposition in sulfate electrolytes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2023. 170 (3). P. 031525.
15. Zhao Q., Li Z., Xu C., Sun Y., Meng F. Nanostructure synthesis by pulsed discharge plasma in liquid electrolytes: metal oxide nanorods formation. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing. 2020. 40 (6). P. 1371 – 1386.
16. Kashapov N.F., Yamaleev M.M., Lukashkin L.N., Grebenschikov E.A., Gilev I.Yu., Kashapov R.N., Kashapov L.N. Development of a plasma-chemical method for producing amorphous silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Construction Materials and Products. 2022. 5 (5). P. 80 – 90.
17. Zhao X., Tian J., Zhu Y., Wang M. Cathodic plasma electrochemical reduction of metal ions: mechanism and applications. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2020. 167 (14). P. 144802.
18. Sharma N., Khare R., Singh A. K., Gahlot A., Aryan S. Fabrication of ZnO nanoflowers by pulsed laser ablation in aqueous electrolytic solution. Applied Surface Science. 2022. 589. P. 152972.
19. Park E., Lee S., Choi S., Jung Y. Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via DC spark discharge in aqueous solution. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 2023. 51 (2). P. 4202105.
20. Chen D., Li H., Wang D., Yang J., Liu M., Cao Y. Electrolytic plasma processing: an innovative route for nanoparticle synthesis and surface modification. Surfaces and Interfaces. 2021. 26. P. 101351.
21. Anders C., Oks E., Anders A. Overview of pulsed discharges in liquids: fundamentals and applications in materials processing. Plasma Processes and Polymers. 2020. 17 (11). P. e2000055.
22. Huang Q., Yang S., Shi J. Experimental study of gas film formation on electrode surfaces under plasma electrolysis. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing. 2025. 45. P. 55 – 68.
23. Lucas R.R., Sales-Contini R.C.M., da Silva F.J.G., Botelho E.C., Mota R.P. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO): an alternative to conventional anodization process. AIMS Materials Science. 2024. 11 (4). P. 684 – 711.
24. Nikolić N.D., Vasiljević N., Popov K.I., Pavlović L.J. Correlation between morphology and crystal structure of electrolytically produced zinc dendritic particles. Metals. 2024. 14 (12). Article 1468.
KashapovR.N., ChebakovaV.Yu., Kormushin K.V., Kashapov N.F., Kashapov L.N., Nikitina S.A., Popov A.O., Artemev D.A. Plasma electrolyte discharge in metal powder production processes. Construction Materials and Products. 2025. 8 (6). 11. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-6-11