The detailed description of the main parameters, influencing the thermal insulation characteristics of building walls is presented in this article. In addition the analysis of this parameters study in modern construction practice is made. The main characteristics of concrete based on porous expanded clay granules are presented, including the results of studies of capillary absorption, moisture transfer rate and moisture absorption properties of porous expanded clay concrete samples affecting the thermal conductivity coefficient. The research results are presented in the context of thermal insulation and fire-resistant ceramic granules application as fillers in porous concrete walls. On the basis of results of study of the organomineral additives influence on the thermal conductivity coefficient of porous expanded clay concrete the study of porous expanded clay concrete samples were carried out. The porous and dense wall concrete sorption moisture and vapour permeability are determined in laboratory conditions. Also the main changes of these parameters at different values of relative humidity of surrounding air are determined.