Danilina N.V.

Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Head of the Urban planning Department, National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

Environmental safety management of city life cycle through low-carbon principles

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-6-8
Аннотация
The contemporary urban environment, being a complex system saturated with construction objects interconnected by engineering and social communications, contains numerous potential sources of hazardous technosphere situations. Preventing and mitigating their consequences becomes feasible only through timely automated monitoring of early warning signs and forecasting dynamics of development. At the same time, construction objects within the urban context consume significant material and energy resources, contributing to increased carbon emissions impacting the environment. Therefore, there is a pressing need for digital instruments capable of managing these processes across their entire lifecycle. In this regard, effective means of ensuring ecological safety in cities involves monitoring technical, organizational, and functional components of works conducted and planned for both construction and maintenance phases of urban infrastructure. Based on these measures, maintaining the carbon sustainability of urban immovable property and infrastructure funds becomes achievable when implemented within an adaptable City Information Model (CIM) tailored specifically for managerial tasks. The scientific novelty of the proposed research lies in developing scientific-methodological foundations for digital monitoring of current conditions and predicting the evolution of carbon state and resilience of constructed and operational urban objects and infrastructure integrated into a unified CIM. This approach serves as the basis for instrumentation aimed at managing ecological safety of construction objects. In the research, the technology of information modeling of city objects is constructed based on the author's factor space, incorporating monitoring and forecasting of conditions for realization and assessment of carbon sustainability of constructed and operated objects. This effort utilizes international databases regarding the carbon impact of construction materials and processes, along with analytical data derived from project estimates documentation of urban objects. Automated expert activity tools, including the integration of unmanned aviation systems, are utilized extensively. Algorithms for automated evaluation and forecasting of City carbon impact Indicator (CCII) are presented and to be used as a basepoint for unmanned city carbon analysis within city life cycle management. These algorithms aim to optimize recommended construction, restoration, or operational measures by leveraging results from drone surveillance, neural network detection, mapping, quantitative assessments, and dynamic parameter changes of objects. Ultimately, this allows for synthesizing optimal management decisions ensuring environmentally safe urban spaces towards the carbon homeostasis as an ultimate goal for modern city ecological management.
PDF

Building life-cycle management by carbon homeostasis potential

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-4-8
Аннотация
The rapid development of urban areas necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the environmental implications of construction projects, particularly within urban development clusters. This paper discusses the significance of analyzing construction projects, focusing on their carbon potential impacts on the environment. Construction projects are among the largest consumers of natural, material and energy resources, resulting in a carbon footprint that contributes to global climate change. The technological transition to zero-carbon energy sources and low-greenhouse-gas-emitting building materials is setting new trends in the design and implementation of construction projects. This includes achieving a balance between anthropogenic emissions and their uptake by ecosystems - carbon neutrality throughout the building life cycle. As a consequence, the increased focus on global climate change makes reducing the carbon footprint of a building over its lifetime a promising area of research. The novelty of the research is the development of a technology to quantitatively assess the carbon impact of construction projects, facilitating the introduction of low-carbon organisational and technical solutions at all stages of the building life cycle. The methodology of environmental safety management of buildings with high carbon homeostasis for forecasting of comfortable living conditions developed by the authors is based on the systemic representation of the natural-technogenic system of the integrated development of territories in the form of an open dynamic structure. The research is carried out on the basis of the formation tools of the author's factor space of complex carbon impact assessment, ranking and polycriteria comparison of quantitative environmental safety assessment of buildings for selecting the optimal desisions, use of the apparatus of optimisation target setting and carbon neutrality modelling. The implenetetion of the proposed technology can reduce the carbon impact of a project by up to 40% over the building life cycle, maintaining the economic incentive to develop low carbon construction, preventing climate change and ensuring that the construction industry achieves carbon neutrality.
PDF