Bakaeva N.V.

Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor of the Urban planning Department, National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

Assessment of the influence of building parameters on the urban heat island in the districts of Moscow

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-5-10
Аннотация
Large cities, as financial centres, attract a dense adult population, leading to a high demand for housing. This growth requires urban expansion and increased building density, which disrupts the ecosystem and gives rise to a concentrated urban heat island (UHI). In a study conducted in Moscow, a numerical climate simulation model was used to explore the relationship between urban indices, specifically the building height-to-width ratio (H/W), sky view factor (SVF), and UHI intensity. The results indicated significant impacts of both H/W and SVF on UHI. More accurate predictions were achieved by adjusting coefficients in the Oke model using non-linear regression of simulated H/W and heat island intensity. These findings highlight the crucial role of urban morphology in UHI formation and development, providing a scientific basis for mitigating UHI impacts through urban planning strategies. While it is challenging to generalise a formula for calculating UHI intensity due to the diversity of urban forms, our research method offers a valuable approach for similar studies in other cities.
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Building life-cycle management by carbon homeostasis potential

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-4-8
Аннотация
The rapid development of urban areas necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the environmental implications of construction projects, particularly within urban development clusters. This paper discusses the significance of analyzing construction projects, focusing on their carbon potential impacts on the environment. Construction projects are among the largest consumers of natural, material and energy resources, resulting in a carbon footprint that contributes to global climate change. The technological transition to zero-carbon energy sources and low-greenhouse-gas-emitting building materials is setting new trends in the design and implementation of construction projects. This includes achieving a balance between anthropogenic emissions and their uptake by ecosystems - carbon neutrality throughout the building life cycle. As a consequence, the increased focus on global climate change makes reducing the carbon footprint of a building over its lifetime a promising area of research. The novelty of the research is the development of a technology to quantitatively assess the carbon impact of construction projects, facilitating the introduction of low-carbon organisational and technical solutions at all stages of the building life cycle. The methodology of environmental safety management of buildings with high carbon homeostasis for forecasting of comfortable living conditions developed by the authors is based on the systemic representation of the natural-technogenic system of the integrated development of territories in the form of an open dynamic structure. The research is carried out on the basis of the formation tools of the author's factor space of complex carbon impact assessment, ranking and polycriteria comparison of quantitative environmental safety assessment of buildings for selecting the optimal desisions, use of the apparatus of optimisation target setting and carbon neutrality modelling. The implenetetion of the proposed technology can reduce the carbon impact of a project by up to 40% over the building life cycle, maintaining the economic incentive to develop low carbon construction, preventing climate change and ensuring that the construction industry achieves carbon neutrality.
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