Русский
English
In the sharply continental and hot climate of Kazakhstan, improving building energy efficiency requires adaptive composite envelope systems capable of dynamically responding to external thermal loads. This study provides experimental validation of a newly developed adaptive energy-efficient wall assembly with alternating air channels and a radiant barrier, previously proposed and numerically investigated by the authors. The experiments were conducted in a climatic chamber using a full-scale 3×3 m wall fragment under two operating modes: cold conditions (–14.3 °C) and hot conditions (+26.4 °C with exterior cladding heated up to +46 °C). Interlayer temperatures, heat flux density, and thermal bridging in the bracket zone were measured, and both calculated and effective thermal transmittance resistance values were determined in accordance with regulatory requirements. The experimental results demonstrated strong agreement with numerical simulations: deviations in interlayer temperatures did not exceed 3-7%, while heat flux density differed by 6-9%. The wall configuration Scheme 3/50/75/50 exhibited pronounced adaptive behavior; switching to the ventilation mode during the hot period reduced heat flux density by up to 14% and decreased the temperature gradient within the air channel by an average of 3-5 °C. Under cold conditions, the system increased thermal resistance by up to 18% compared with assemblies without a reflective layer. The obtained effective thermal resistance values comply with the building standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan and confirm the energy efficiency of the wall system for operation in extreme climates. Overall, the experimental validation confirms the reliability of the model and the high practical applicability of the adaptive wall technology. The findings provide a scientifically grounded basis for the development of façade design standards optimized for Central Asian climates and demonstrate the potential for implementation in both new construction and retrofit projects.
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27. Zhangabay N., Oner A., Ibraimova U., Ibrahim M.N.M., Tursunkululy T., Utelbayeva A. Assessment and Numerical Modeling of the Thermophysical Efficiency of Newly Developed Adaptive Building Envelopes Under Variable Climatic Impacts. Buildings 2026. 16. P. 366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16020366
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30. Pujadas-Gispert E., Alsailani, K.C.A. van Dijk A.D.K. Rozema J.P. ten Hoope C.C. Korevaar S.P.G. Moonen (Faas). Design, construction, and thermal performance evaluation of an innovative bio-based ventilated façade. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2020. 9 (3). P. 681 – 696. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2020.02.003
2. Jankovic A. and Goia F. Impact of double skin facade constructional features on heat transfer and fluid dynamic behaviour. Building and Environment. 2021. 196. P. 107796. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107796
3. Ibrahim R.A., Imghoure O., Tittelein P., Belouaggadia N., Chehade F.H., Sebaibi N., Stéphane L., Zalewski L. Application of Ventilated Solar Façades to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings: A comprehensive review. Energy Reports. 2025. 13. P. 1266 – 1292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.051
4. Zhangabay N., Tagybayev A., Utelbayeva A., Buganova S., Tolganbayev A., Tulesheva G., Jumabayev A., Kolesnikov A., Kambarov M., Imanaliyev K., Kozlov P. Analysis of the influence of thermal insulation material on the thermal resistance of new facade structures with horizontal air channels. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023. 18. P. e02026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02026
5. Zhangabay N., Tagybayev A., Baidilla I., Sapargaliyeva B., Shakeshev B., Baibolov K., Duissenbekov B., Utelbayeva A., Kolesnikov A., Izbassar A. Multilayer External Enclosing Wall Structures with Air Gaps or Channels. J. Compos. Sci. 2023. 7. P. 195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7050195
6. Borodulin V.Yu., Nizovtsev M.I. Modeling heat and moisture transfer of building facades thermally insulated by the panels with ventilated channels. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021. 40. P. 102391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102391
7. Nizovtsev M.I., Letushko V.N., Borodulin V.Yu., Sterlyagov A.N. Experimental studies of the thermo and humidity state of a new building facade insulation system based on panels with ventilated channels. Energy and Buildings. 2020. 206. P. 109607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109607
8. Nizovtsev M.I., Borodulin V.Yu. Calculation of the Efficiency of Regenerative Air Heat Exchanger with Intermediate Heat Carrier. Journal of Construction Research. 2021. 2. P. 30 – 36. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.30564/jcr.v3i1.3235
9. Statsenko E.A., Ostrovaia A.F., Olshevskiy V.Y., Petrichenko M.R. Temperature and velocity conditions in vertical channel of ventilated facade. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2018. 80(4). P. 119 – 127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18720/MCE.80.11
10. Jha P.B. Impact of temperature dependent heat source on MHD natural convection flow between two vertical plates filled with nanofluid with induced magnetic field effect. Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2020. 1. P. 299 – 312. https://doi.org/10.1080/25765299.2020.1806484
11. Rahiminejad M., Khovalyg D. Experimental study of the hydrodynamic and thermal performances of ventilated wall structures. Building and Environment. 2023. 233. 1. P. 110114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110114
12. Yuan J. Impact of Insulation Type and Thickness on the Dynamic Thermal Characteristics of an External Wall Structure. Sustainability. 2018. 10. 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082835
13. Özturan M.K., Seyhan K. Determination of optimum insulation thickness of building walls according to four main directions by accounting for solar radiation: A case study of Erzincan, Türkiye. Energy and Buildings. 2024. 304. P. 113871. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113871
14. Shahid M., Karimi M.N., Mishra A.K. Optimum insulation thickness for external building walls for different climate zone in India. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2024. 10 (5). P. 1198 – 1211. https://izlik.org/JA93UH79KL
15. Uçar A. Optimization of insulation thickness of walls and roofs using energy, exergy, economic and environmental analyses. 2024. 18. P. 9959 – 9975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.12.0787
16. Aggarwal C., Molleti S. State-of-the-Art Review: Effects of Using Cool Building Cladding Materials on Roofs. Buildings 2024, 14, 2257. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082257
17. Vasileva I.L., Nemova D.V., Vatin N.I., Fediuk R.S. & Karelina, M.I. Climate-Adaptive Façades with an Air Chamber. Buildings. 2022. 12. P. 366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030366
18. Cuce P.M., Cuce E. Ventilated Facades for Low-Carbon Buildings: A Review. Processes. 2025. 13. P. 2275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072275
19. Lin Z., Song Y., Chu Y. An experimental study of the summer and winter thermal performance of an opaque ventilated facade in a cold zone of China. Building and Environment. 2022. P. 109108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109108
20. Zhangabay N., Tursunkululy T., Utelbayeva A., Abdikerova U., Sultanov M. A Study of Temperature and Humidity Conditions in a New Energy-Efficient Design of a Wall Structure with Air Gaps. Modelling. 2025. 6. P. 12. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling6010012
21. Zhangabay N., Bonopera M., Baidilla I., Utelbayeva A., Tursunkululy T. Research of Heat Tolerance and Moisture Conditions of New Worked-Out Face Structures with Complete Gap Spacings. Buildings. 2023. 13. P. 2853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112853
22. Zhangabay N., Oner A., Rakhimov M., Tursunkululy T., Abdikerova U. Thermal Performance Evaluation of a Retrofitted Building with Adaptive Composite Energy-Saving Facade Systems. Energies 2025. 18. P. 1402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061402
23. Duissenbekov, B., Tokmuratov, A., Yerimbetov, B., Aldiyarov, Z. Finite-difference equations of quasistatic motion of the shallow concrete shells in nonlinear setting. Curved and Layered Structures, 2020. 7 (1). P. 48 – 55. https://doi.org/10.1515/cls-2020-0005
24. Grillo E., Sansotta S. Experimentation of a new adaptive model for envelope system. In: Sposito, C. (ed.) Possible and preferable scenarios of a sustainable future. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19229/978-88-5509-232-6/5102021
25. Fohagui F., Koholé Y., Alombah N., Asoh D., Tchuen G. Optimum insulation thickness and exergy savings of building walls in Bamenda: a comparative analysis. Energy Storage and Saving. 2024. 3. P. 60 – 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enss.2024.01.001
26. Mishra S., Kalla S., Agarwal Y., Gupta V. Parametric analysis of energy saving in building walls by applying various insulation materials. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2024. 11(12). P. 113 – 118. https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2024/view=131314 (accessed on 20.08.2025)
27. Zhangabay N., Oner A., Ibraimova U., Ibrahim M.N.M., Tursunkululy T., Utelbayeva A. Assessment and Numerical Modeling of the Thermophysical Efficiency of Newly Developed Adaptive Building Envelopes Under Variable Climatic Impacts. Buildings 2026. 16. P. 366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16020366
28. Andreeva D., Nemova D., Kotov E. Multi-Skin Adaptive Ventilated Facade: A Review. Energies 2022. 15. P. 3447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093447
29. Schabowicz K., Zawiślak Ł., Staniów P. Efficiency of ventilated facades in terms of airflow in the air gap. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 2021. 43(3). P. 224 – 236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2021-0014
30. Pujadas-Gispert E., Alsailani, K.C.A. van Dijk A.D.K. Rozema J.P. ten Hoope C.C. Korevaar S.P.G. Moonen (Faas). Design, construction, and thermal performance evaluation of an innovative bio-based ventilated façade. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2020. 9 (3). P. 681 – 696. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2020.02.003
Zhangabay N.Zh., Oner A.K., Ibrahim M.N.M., Ibraimova U.B., Kolesnikov A.S., Tursunkululy T. Experimental evaluation of the thermophysical performance of an adaptive composite wall system under dynamic climatic conditions. Construction Materials and Products. 2026. 9 (1). 8. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-1-8