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English
This paper presents a modeling methodology for an engineering calculation of the thermal stability of external walls with a shielded outer surface forming a ventilated façade system. The objective of the study is to develop a practical design tool for assessing the amplitude attenuation and phase shift of the internal surface temperature under daily climatic fluctuations. The method is based on the solution of a one-dimensional transient heat conduction problem for a multilayer structure subjected to periodic climatic effects. The external boundary condition is defined through an equivalent heat transfer formulation that accounts for shortwave solar radiation, longwave radiative exchange between the screen and the ambient environment, convective heat transfer, and possible ventilation of the air cavity. An engineering calculation algorithm is proposed that incorporates the effect of equivalent solar loading and harmonic variations of outdoor air temperature with high amplitudes of environmental and near-wall air layer fluctuations. A numerical procedure is provided for the “screen – air gap” subsystem, followed by the evaluation of internal surface temperature attenuation and transient heat transfer characteristics. Validation against numerical simulations and experimental data demonstrates a deviation not exceeding 5-10%. The results indicate a significant influence of screen reflectivity, air gap ventilation intensity, and wall heat capacity on improving thermal stability and reducing heat gains during the hot season. The proposed enhanced assessment algorithm can be widely applied in design practice, including the selection of thermal insulation thickness for building envelopes in southern regions, the determination of design loads for ventilation and air-conditioning systems, and the evaluation of indoor thermal conditions under intermittent heating and ventilation regimes. The practical significance lies in the ability to optimize façade system parameters with shielded external surfaces to prevent overheating and improve building energy efficiency. The study is conducted within the framework of ensuring thermal safety of buildings in warm climate conditions.
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10. Zhangabay N., Zhangabay A., Utelbayeva A., Tursunkululy T., Sultanov M., Kolesnikov A. Energy-Efficient Outdoor Fencing with Air Layers: A Review of the Effect of Solar Radiation on the Exterior Fencing of Buildings Made of Composite Material. Journal of Composites Science. 2025. 9. 9. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9010009
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16. Zhangabay N., Giyasov A., Ibraimova U., Tursunkululy T., Kolesnikov A. Сonstruction and climatic certification of an area as a prerequisite for development of energy-efficient buildings and their external wall constructions. Construction materials and products. 2024. 7 (5). P. 1 – 17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-5-1
17. Pereira C., Silva A., de Brito J., D. Silvestre J. Urgency of repair of building elements: Prediction and influencing factors in façade renders. Construction and Building Materials. 2020. 249. P. 118743. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118743
18. Gunawardena K., Kershaw T., Steemers K. Simulation pathway for estimating heat island influence on urban/suburban building space-conditioning loads and response to facade material changes. Building and Environment. 2019. 150. P. 195 – 205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.01.006
19. Rajagopal P., Priya R.Sh., Senthil R. A review of recent developments in the impact of environmental measures on urban heat island. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2023. 88. P. 104279. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104279
20. Cuce P.M., Cuce E. Ventilated Facades for Low-Carbon Buildings: A Review. Processes. 2025. 13. 2275. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072275
21. Vakhrushev K.G., Simachkov M.A. Modular ventilated façades for high-rise construction. Industrial and Civil Engineering. 2022. 10. P. 37 – 44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2022.10.37-44
2. Kumar V.V., Raut, N., Akeel, N.A. et al. Experimental investigation of cooling potential of a ventilated cool roof with air gap as a thermal barrier. Environ Dev Sustain. 2023. 25. P. 3255 – 3268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02184-y
3. Pajek L., Potočnik J., Košir M. The effect of a warming climate on the relevance of passive design measures for heating and cooling of European single-family detached buildings. Energy and Buildings. 2022. 261 (6). P. 111947. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111947
4. Pajek L., Košir M. Strategy for achieving long-term energy efficiency of European single-family buildings through passive climate adaptation. Applied Energy. 2021. 297. P.117116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117116
5. Perkins-Kirkpatrick S.E., Lewis S.C. Increasing trends in regional heatwaves. Nat Commun. 2020. 11. P. 3357. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16970-7
6. Liu Q., Fu C., Xu Z. Global warming intensifies extreme day-to-day temperature changes in mid–low latitudes. Nature Climate Change. 2026. 16. P. 69 – 76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02486-9
7. Adeyeri O.E., Ishola K.A., Ajadi S.A. Coupled climate–land-use interactions modulate projected heatwave intensification across Africa. Communications Earth & Environment. 2026. 7. P. 85 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-03110-6
8. Al-Awadi H., Alajmi A., Abou-Ziyan H. Effect of Thermal Bridges of Different External Wall Types on the Thermal Performance of Residential Building Envelope in a Hot Climate. Buildings. 2022. 12. 312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030312
9. Zhangabay N., Tursunkululy T., Ibraimova U., Abdikerova U. Energy-Efficient Adaptive Dynamic Building Facades: A Review of Their Energy Efficiency and Operating Loads. Applied Science. 2024. 14. 10979. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310979
10. Zhangabay N., Zhangabay A., Utelbayeva A., Tursunkululy T., Sultanov M., Kolesnikov A. Energy-Efficient Outdoor Fencing with Air Layers: A Review of the Effect of Solar Radiation on the Exterior Fencing of Buildings Made of Composite Material. Journal of Composites Science. 2025. 9. 9. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9010009
11. Zhangabay N., Tagybayev A., Utelbayeva A., Buganova S., Tolganbayev A., Tulesheva G., Jumabayev A., Kolesnikov A., Kambarov M., Imanaliyev K., Kozlov P. Analysis of the influence of thermal insulation material on the thermal resistance of new facade structures with horizontal air channels. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023. 18. P. e02026. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02026
12. Belous A.N., Belous O.E., Kulumbegova L.Z., Krakhin S.V. Thermal stability of external building envelopes with thermally conductive inclusions during the summer period. Bulletin of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building. 2021. 6 (23). P. 129 – 142. https://vestnik.tsuab.ru/jour/article/view/1121/783
13. Chen L., Zhang Y., Zhou X. A new method for measuring thermal resistance of building walls and analyses of influencing factors. Construction and Building Materials. 2023. 3 (385). 131438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131438
14. Yari M., Kalbasi R., Thi N.H. Afrand M. Incorporating pcms and thermal insulation into building walls and their competition in building energy consumption reduction. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2024. 63. 105398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105398
15. Elmzughi M., Alghoul S., Mashena M. Optimizing thermal insulation of external building walls in different climate zones in Libya. Journal of Building Physics. 2021. 3 (45). P. 368 – 390. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1744259120980027
16. Zhangabay N., Giyasov A., Ibraimova U., Tursunkululy T., Kolesnikov A. Сonstruction and climatic certification of an area as a prerequisite for development of energy-efficient buildings and their external wall constructions. Construction materials and products. 2024. 7 (5). P. 1 – 17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-5-1
17. Pereira C., Silva A., de Brito J., D. Silvestre J. Urgency of repair of building elements: Prediction and influencing factors in façade renders. Construction and Building Materials. 2020. 249. P. 118743. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118743
18. Gunawardena K., Kershaw T., Steemers K. Simulation pathway for estimating heat island influence on urban/suburban building space-conditioning loads and response to facade material changes. Building and Environment. 2019. 150. P. 195 – 205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.01.006
19. Rajagopal P., Priya R.Sh., Senthil R. A review of recent developments in the impact of environmental measures on urban heat island. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2023. 88. P. 104279. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104279
20. Cuce P.M., Cuce E. Ventilated Facades for Low-Carbon Buildings: A Review. Processes. 2025. 13. 2275. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072275
21. Vakhrushev K.G., Simachkov M.A. Modular ventilated façades for high-rise construction. Industrial and Civil Engineering. 2022. 10. P. 37 – 44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2022.10.37-44
Zhangabay N.Zh., Giyasov A.I., Zhangabay A.Zh., Kolesnikov A.S., Utelbayeva A.B. Modeling of an engineering method for calculating the thermal stability of walls with a shielded external surface. Construction Materials and Products. 2026. 9 (2). 6. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-2-6