The article examines the influence of heat resistance of enclosing structures on the choice of type and location of heating devices in the room. The main attention is paid to the relationship between the thermal characteristics of fences and the method of heat transfer of heating devices. The paper considers two main types of heat transfer: convective and radiative. It is shown that at low thermal stability of structures, it is advisable to use devices with a predominant convective heat transfer (convectors, panel radiators), and at high – with radiation (radiators, underfloor heating, infrared heaters). A mathematical model of spatial non-stationary heat transfer in a heated room is developed, taking into account various thermophysical characteristics of enclosing structures and the type of heat release sources. The study of the amplitude of fluctuations in the temperature of air and internal surfaces, depending on the type of heating device, is carried out. The practical significance of the work is the development of scientifically based recommendations for the selection and placement of heating devices, taking into account the heat resistance of enclosing structures. The results of laboratory tests confirm the theoretical conclusions and demonstrate the nature of the temperature distribution in the room under various heat exchange conditions. The results of the study show that the correct choice of the type and location of the heating device allows you to ensure uniform heating of the room, minimize energy consumption for heating and create comfortable microclimate conditions.