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Achieving a high degree of compaction in coarse-grained soils is a critical requirement for ensuring the stability, safety, and long-term performance of earth dams. This study presents the results of comprehensive laboratory and field investigations aimed at identifying the optimal technological parameters for compaction of coarse-grained soils used in hydraulic embankment construction. The influence of grain-size distribution, fine fraction content, and compacted layer thickness on the achieved dry density was systematically investigated. Laboratory experiments were performed using the standard Soyuzdornii compaction apparatus and a vibration compaction device with a cylindrical mold of 300 mm in diameter. Field investigations were conducted at an experimental test site using a 27-ton SANY vibratory roller with compacted layer thicknesses of 50, 70, and 80 cm. The experimental results demonstrated that the highest dry density was achieved for a compacted layer thickness of 50 cm, whereas increasing the layer thickness reduced compaction efficiency due to the limited transmission of vibratory energy throughout the embankment. Furthermore, the proposed grain-size modelling approach was validated by comparing laboratory and field test results, confirming its applicability for reproducing the mechanical behaviour of natural coarse-grained soils under controlled laboratory conditions. The findings provide practical recommendations for selecting rational compaction parameters and can be applied in the design and construction of earth-filled hydraulic structures to improve embankment quality, structural reliability, and long-term operational performance.
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28. Baibolov K., Artykbaev D., Aldiyarov Zh., Karshyga G. Experimental investigations of the coarse-grained soil in the dam of the Pskem hep. News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Series of Geology and Technical Sciences. 2022. 1 (451). P. 21 – 32.
29. Kronik Ya.A. Reliability and Safety of the Foundations of Buildings and Structures on Permafrost. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. 2017. 54. P. 198 – 201.
30. Ostrowski K., Oleksik K. Comparative analysis of the coarse aggregate shapes used to manufacturing high performance self-compacting concrete. Czasopismo Techniczne. 2018. 7. P. 75 – 86.
31. Zhangabay N., Giyasov A., Ybray S., Tursunkululy T., Kolesnikov A. Field thermovision study of externsl enclosure for multi-storey residential building under climatic conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Construction Materials and Products. 2024. 7. P. 1 – 21.
32. Gerasimova E.B., Melnikova L.A., Loseva A.V. Ecological safety of construction in single-industry town. Construction Materials and Products. 2023. 6 (3). P. 59 – 78.
33. Cai Z.-Y., Li X.-M., Guan Y.-F., Huang Y.-H. Particle breakage rules of rockfill materials. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 2016. 38 (5). P. 923 – 929. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201605019
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37. Kulikova E.Y., Balovtsev S.V. Risk control system for the construction of urban underground structures. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2020. 962. 042020.
38. Zhangabay N., Giyasov A., Bakhbergen S., Tursunkululy T., Kolesnikov A. Thermovision study of a residential building under climatic conditions of South Kazakhstan in a cold period. Construction Materials and Products. 2024. 7. P. 1.
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40. Fard M.Y. A method for determining hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity of unsaturated soils. In: Rahardjo H., Toll D.G., eds. Unsaturated Soils for Asia. 1st ed. Boca Raton, Florida, United States: CRC Press. 2020. P. 375 – 389.
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43. Shabayev S.N., Krupina N.V., Shalamanov V.A., Martel N.A., Shtark A.I. Oblique shear method for determining strength performance of pre-compacted very coarse soils. News of the Ural State Mining University. 2020. 3 (59). P. 115 – 122.
44. Tilloev K.Z. Mathematical model of the working process of cone-shaped roller. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series of Mechanical Engineering Industry. 2019. 19 (3). P. 60 – 67.
45. Artykbaev D., Dosaliyev K., Duisenbekov B., Nurseitov S., Mizamov N. Seismic resistance of loess soils. E3S Web of Conferences. 2024. 474. P. 01035.
2. Artykbaev D., Baibolov K., Rasulov H. Stability analysis of fine soils from a road project, M32 Samara – Shymkent (Russia – Kazakhstan). International Journal of GEOMATE. 2020. 19 (76). P. 205 – 212.
3. Ismail A.S., Nie Z., Ahmad A., Ali S., Lai R. Compaction behavior of coarse-grained soil under various vibration frequencies: A DEM study. Engineering Computations. 2024. 41 (10). P. 2632 – 2658. DOI: 10.1108/EC-01-2024-0057
4. Rasulov Kh.Z., Toshmatov E.S., Artykbaev D.Zh. Earthquake-resistant steepness of slope structures. AIP Conference Proceedings. Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 2023.
5. Tang J.Y., Xu D.S., Liu H.B. The effect of gravel content on the shear behavior of a sand-gravel mixture. Rock and Soil Mechanics. 2018. 39 (1). P. 93 – 102.
6. Hardin B.O. Crushing of soil particles. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 1985. 111 (10). P. 1177 – 1192.
7. Alai E., Mahbubi A. A discrete model for modeling the shear strength and deformation behavior of a stone embankment material taking into account the phenomenon of particle destruction. Granular Matter. 2012. 14 (6). P. 707 – 717.
8. Huang M., Yao Yu., Yin Z., Liu E., Lei H. Review of elementary mechanical behavior, structural modeling and soil fracture criteria. Chinese Civil Engineering Journal. 2016. 49 (7). P. 9 – 35.
9. Liu M.K., Meng F., Wang Yu. Evolution of particle crushing of coarse-grained materials in large-scale triaxial tests. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 2020. 42 (3). P. 561 – 567.
10. Bedov A.I., Gabitov A.I., Domarova E.V., Kolesnikov A.S. Investigation of the stress-strain state of domical masonry vaults. Construction Materials and Products. 2023. 6. P. 6.
11. Xiao Y., Liu H., Chen Q. Effects of particle size on crushing and deformation behaviors of rockfill materials. Geoscience Frontiers. 2020. 11 (2). P. 495 – 507. DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2018.10.010
12. Zhanikulov N.N., Khudyakova T.M., Taimasov B.T., Sarsenbayev B.K., Dauletiarov M.S., Kolesnikov A.S., Karshygayev R.O. Receiving Portland Cement from Technogenic Raw Materials of South Kazakhstan. Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal. 2019. 21 (4). P. 333 – 340.
13. Zhangabay N., Suleimenov U., Utelbayeva A., Buganova S. Experimental research of the stress-strain state of prestressed cylindrical shells taking into account temperature effects. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2022. 18. e01776.
14. Kulikova E., Balovtsev S.V., Skopintseva O.V. Complex estimation of geotechnical risks in mine and underground construction. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories. 2023. 15. P. 7 – 16.
15. Kulikova A.A., Kovaleva A.M. Use of tailings of enrichment for laying of the developed space of mines. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2021. 2-1. P. 144 – 154.
16. Hristova G., Dallev M., Tihanov G. Design parameters of furrow forming and compacting roller of the combined seeder STS-80. Agricultural Science and Technology. 2021. 13 (3). P. 292 – 294.
17. Wu E., Zhu J., Guo W., Zhang Z. Effect of Gradation on the Compactability of Coarse-Grained Soils. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2020. 24. P. 356 – 364.
18. Chen Xb., Chen L., Zhang J. Permanent Deformation Behavior of Coarse-Grained Residual Subsoil Under Large Amplitude Loading Cycles. In: Tutumluer E., Chen X., Xiao Y., eds. Advances in Environmental Vibration and Transportation Geodynamics. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 66. Singapore: Springer; 2020. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-2349-6_16
19. Zhangabay N., Suleimenov U., Utelbayeva A., Kolesnikov A., Baibolov K., Imanaliyev K., Moldagaliyev A., Karshyga G., Duissenbekov B., Fediuk R., et al. Analysis of a Stress-Strain State of a Cylindrical Tank Wall Vertical Field Joint Zone. Buildings. 2022. 12. P. 1445.
20. Chen C., Indraratna B., McDowell G., Rujikiatkamjorn C. Discrete element modelling of lateral displacement of a granular assembly under cyclic loading. Computers and Geotechnics. 2015. 69. P. 474 – 484.
21. Zhangabay N., Sapargaliyeva B., Suleimenov U., Abshenov K., Utelbayeva A., Kolesnikov A., Baibolov K., Fediuk R., Arinova D., Duissenbekov B., et al. Analysis of Stress-Strain State for a Cylindrical Tank Wall Defected Zone. Materials. 2022. 15. P. 5732.
22. Ning Zh., Yudong Sh. Analysis of Highway Subgrade Construction Technology and Subgrade Compaction Quality Control Measures. Engineering Technology. 2022. 6. P. 15 – 20.
23. Ghorashi S.M.S., Khodaparast M., Khodajooyan Qomi M. Compaction Quality Control of Coarse-grained Soils Using Dynamic Penetration Test Results through Correlation with Relative Compaction Percentages. International Journal of Engineering. 2023. 36 (3). P. 473 – 480.
24. Kolesnikov A.S., Zhanikulov N.N., Syrlybekkyzy S., Kolesnikova O.G., Shal A.L. Utilization of Waste from the Enrichment of Non-Ferrous Metal Ores as Secondary Mineral Raw Materials in the Production of Cement Clinker. Ecology and Industry of Russia. 2023. 27 (1). P. 19 – 23.
25. Abbazov I., Kaldybaev R., Bektureyeva G., Kerimbekova Z., Yeshzhanov A., Botabaev N., Kaldybayeva G., Kenzhibayeva G., Izteuov G., Kolesnikov A. Theoretical Researching of Particle Movement in Cleaning Zone of Dust-Arrester. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2023. 32 (4). P. 1 – 8.
26. Skopintseva O.V., Ganova S.D., Buzin A.A., Fedotova V.P. Measures to reduce dusting during loading and transportation of solid mineral resources. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2019. 12. P. 76 – 79.
27. Ibragimov K., Artykbaev D., Baibolov K., Nazarov K. Field deformation stamp experiments. Works of Saginov Technical University. 2021. 3 (84). P. 166 – 171.
28. Baibolov K., Artykbaev D., Aldiyarov Zh., Karshyga G. Experimental investigations of the coarse-grained soil in the dam of the Pskem hep. News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Series of Geology and Technical Sciences. 2022. 1 (451). P. 21 – 32.
29. Kronik Ya.A. Reliability and Safety of the Foundations of Buildings and Structures on Permafrost. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. 2017. 54. P. 198 – 201.
30. Ostrowski K., Oleksik K. Comparative analysis of the coarse aggregate shapes used to manufacturing high performance self-compacting concrete. Czasopismo Techniczne. 2018. 7. P. 75 – 86.
31. Zhangabay N., Giyasov A., Ybray S., Tursunkululy T., Kolesnikov A. Field thermovision study of externsl enclosure for multi-storey residential building under climatic conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Construction Materials and Products. 2024. 7. P. 1 – 21.
32. Gerasimova E.B., Melnikova L.A., Loseva A.V. Ecological safety of construction in single-industry town. Construction Materials and Products. 2023. 6 (3). P. 59 – 78.
33. Cai Z.-Y., Li X.-M., Guan Y.-F., Huang Y.-H. Particle breakage rules of rockfill materials. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 2016. 38 (5). P. 923 – 929. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201605019
34. Filin A.E., Kurnosov I.Y., Kolesnikova L.A., Ovchinnikova T.I. Description of The Methodology for Conducting an Experiment on Dust Deposition of Mining and Metallurgical Production. Ugol. 2022. 9. P. 67 – 72.
35. Kulikova E., Balovtsev S.V., Skopintseva O.V. Complex estimation of geotechnical risks in mine and underground construction. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories. 2023. 15. 7-16.
36. Yessenbayev B.A., Naukenova A.S., Shapalov S.K., Ramatullaeva L.I., Ivakhniyuk G.K. Analysis of the impact of bauxite dumps on the environment and public health. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2024. 3. P. 55 – 69.
37. Kulikova E.Y., Balovtsev S.V. Risk control system for the construction of urban underground structures. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2020. 962. 042020.
38. Zhangabay N., Giyasov A., Bakhbergen S., Tursunkululy T., Kolesnikov A. Thermovision study of a residential building under climatic conditions of South Kazakhstan in a cold period. Construction Materials and Products. 2024. 7. P. 1.
39. Kulikova E.Yu., Konyukhov D.S. Accident risk monitoring in underground space development. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2022. 1. P. 97 – 103.
40. Fard M.Y. A method for determining hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity of unsaturated soils. In: Rahardjo H., Toll D.G., eds. Unsaturated Soils for Asia. 1st ed. Boca Raton, Florida, United States: CRC Press. 2020. P. 375 – 389.
41. Peng W., Lu Y., Wang M., Ren T., Horton R. Determining water content and bulk density: The heat-pulse method outperforms the thermo-TDR method in high-salinity soils. Geoderma. 2022. 407. P. 115564.
42. Artykbaev D.Zh., Ibragimov К., Aubakirova F.Kh., Karatayev M., Polat E. Research and laboratory methods for determining coarse soils at the experimental site during the construction of an earth dam. News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Series of Geology and Technical Sciences. 2024. 2 (464). P. 8 – 23.
43. Shabayev S.N., Krupina N.V., Shalamanov V.A., Martel N.A., Shtark A.I. Oblique shear method for determining strength performance of pre-compacted very coarse soils. News of the Ural State Mining University. 2020. 3 (59). P. 115 – 122.
44. Tilloev K.Z. Mathematical model of the working process of cone-shaped roller. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series of Mechanical Engineering Industry. 2019. 19 (3). P. 60 – 67.
45. Artykbaev D., Dosaliyev K., Duisenbekov B., Nurseitov S., Mizamov N. Seismic resistance of loess soils. E3S Web of Conferences. 2024. 474. P. 01035.
Artykbayev D.Zh., Turlybekova M.R., Imanov Ye., Zhatkanbayev Y.T., Үessenaliyev А.E., Kolesnikova O.G., Dyussembin Y.A., Ramatullayeva L.I. Coarse-grained soils compaction at the experimental site during the safe construction of the earthen dam. Construction Materials and Products. 2026. 9 (5). 1. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-5-1