Русский Русский

Ключевые слова: structure

Opportunities for environmentally sustainable development of low-carbon technologies in cement production

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-1
, , , , , , ,
Аннотация
In the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy, the development and implementation of environmentally sustainable technologies in cement production is becoming a key priority. Therefore, the development of new binding materials with reduced clinker content or no clinker at all is becoming a key area for reducing the carbon footprint in construction. Use of clinker-free binders, such as geopolymers and various equivalents based on mineral additives, can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the construction sector in the environment. The most promising and appropriate benchmark is the disposal of industrial waste of aluminosilicate oxide composition with subsequent mechanical and alkaline activation. For the first time, the microstructure of geopolymers based on aspiration cement dust and tuff has been comprehensively studied. The theoretical prerequisite for the creation of a binder system of such a concept is the synthesis of sufficiently strong and resistant to external manifestations of alkali metals, including the structures of frame aluminosilicates with a hidden crystalline structure. The results of a comprehensive study (X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersion spectrometry, differential thermal analysis and IR spectroscopy) indicate the presence of characteristic hydration reaction products in the geopolymer paste. The following have been identified in the composition of the material: hydrated aluminosilicates; aluminates; silicate groups of sodium and calcium; mineral phases (quartz, calcite); feldspars of the albite-orthoclase series; micaceous components, etc. The data obtained confirm the typical composition characteristic of the processes of structure formation in geopolymer systems. The results obtained on the key results of the conducted studies confirm the high efficiency of the proposed technology and guarantee increased strength and durability of geopolymer concrete.
PDF

Sustainable gypsum composites reinforced with basalt technogenic nanofiber

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-2
, , , , ,
Аннотация
Sustainable composites based on gypsum man-made stone are produced using a technology that excludes the firing stage. It meets the requirements for resource and energy conservation, does not harm the environment and can be used in the production of a number of biopositive building materials. The use of pure dihydrate gypsum from gypsum mold waste in the composition of sustainable gypsum composites predetermines the expansion of the scope of application of materials and products based on it. These wastes are characterized by stable physicochemical and mechanical properties. However, the features of the mineralogical composition require high costs for their use in the production of fired gypsum binders using classical technologies. Binders based on them have low strength and other physical indicators. Application without firing technology allows for the maximum use of all the unique properties of gypsum – creation of a comfortable environment, high resistance in fire conditions, good insulating characteristics, etc. By introducing highly dispersed basalt dust particles into the composition of stable gypsum composites based on dihydrate gypsum, gypsum stone is reinforced and compacted at the micro- and nanoscale levels. This is facilitated by the optimal values of the pressing force and humidity of the raw mix selected during the study. They are important technological parameters. The resulting high-strength gypsum composite is characterized by a fine-crystalline structure with higher performance indicators than conventional gypsum materials due to the screening of the moisture effect on it.
PDF

Features of the synthesis of construction geopolymer composites

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-2-6
, , , ,
Аннотация
Use of clinker-free binders, such as geopolymers and various equivalents based on mineral additives, can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the construction sector in the environment. The most promising and appropriate benchmark is the disposal of industrial waste of aluminosilicate oxide composition with subsequent mechanical and alkaline activation. For the first time, the microstructure of geopolymers based on aspiration cement dust and tuff has been comprehensively studied. The theoretical prerequisite for the creation of a binder system of such a concept is the synthesis of sufficiently strong and resistant to external manifestations of alkali metals, including the structures of frame aluminosilicates with a hidden crystalline structure. X-ray diffraction analysis of the obtained samples, as well as the results of scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersion spectrometry, differential-thermal analysis, ad infrared spectrometry confirm the presence in the geopolymer paste of products traditionally necessary for the hydration reaction: aqueous aluminosilicates, aluminates and silicates of sodium and calcium, quartz, calcite, feldspars similar to albite and orthoclase, micas, etc. The results obtained on the key results of the conducted studies confirm the high efficiency of the proposed technology and guarantee increased strength and durability of geopolymer concrete.
PDF

Properties of Verkhnealkunsky deposit mudstones used as raw materials to manufacture clinker tiles

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-3-7
, ,
Аннотация
The article writes about the development of mudstone-based raw material compositions used to manufacture clinker tiles with improved physical and technical properties. Clinker tiles are one of the popular roofing materials. Compared to other roofing covering options, clinker tiles have higher strength, more resistance to aggressive environments, and better aesthetic characteristics. Clinker tile production is relevant due to the fact that currently architects and building constructors are showing great interest in such an elite roofing material, but due to the economic situation, this roofing material is no longer imported to Russia, with an empty market niche having been formed. Many Russian brick factories are planning to install additional technological lines to manufacture ceramic tiles, but the current demand is to produce clinker tiles. The main unresolved issue concerns raw materials since traditional raw materials – loams and clays – are very rarely suitable for the production of low-temperature sintering clinker tiles. Having studied a large amount of academic literature and carried out the necessary laboratory studies, the authors of this article, under the guidance of the Chair of the Construction Materials Department, Prof. V.D. Kotlyar, pay serious attention to such raw materials as mudstones from the Verkhnealkunsky deposit of the Russian Republic of Ingushetia. The article provides a general description of mudstones, including their chemical and mineral composition as well as their structural features for the production of clinker tiles. It has been experimentally established that the degree of their grinding has a significant influence on technological properties of both mudstones and the end products. Based on raw material mixtures with a grain composition of 0-0.16 and 0-0.08 mm, it is possible to manufacture clinker tiles using the extrusion molding method without introducing corrective additives. The data obtained will make it possible to develop technological regulations to manufacture clinker tiles based on Verkhnealkunsky deposit mudstones.
PDF

Structure and properties of modified shungite concrete during electrode heating

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-6-1
, , ,
Аннотация
Concrete composition modifying by different electrically conductive components is one of less laborious but relatively effective methods between wide variety of electrode concrete heating effectiveness improvement methods. The purpose of this study is investigation of special aspects of cement systems modified by powdered shungite (Ssp 400 m2/kg) in combination with active mineral and plasticizing admixtures that harden under electrode heating at below zero temperatures. By the method of differential thermal analysis anomaly of exothermic reaction of cement stone specimens was discovered, that is due to formation of hydrated calcium silicate С2SH (A) discovered by the method of quantitative XRDA, and is verified by results received from scanning electron microscopy method, which among other factors provides higher strength and low permeability to these composites. Stabil-ity of cement systems modified by shungite and curing under electrode heating has been proved.
PDF