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Русский
With a highly developed cultural heritage, Azerbaijan has always been known for its remarkable achievements in architecture and decorations. It serves as an optimal territory for the development of the modern approach to urban planning, supported by the governmental efforts to protect the values of this country at the level of world culture. Since gaining its independence, Azerbaijan has managed to develop a strong cooperation with UNESCO, making a great contribution to heritage conservation worldwide.
This paper studies the issue of the connection of the architectural legacy of Azerbaijan with the current system of urban development in theory and practice. Considering Baku as the key example of the discussed subject, the author analyses the successful co-existence of the historic structures in a developing city and tries to find out the ways to preserve the identity of this place during the process of the globalization of cities. Instead of working on restoration projects separately, the author suggests using the urban approach to preservation of the historic places as an important element of the socio-economic and architectural structure of the city. Moreover, the issue of the balance between the traditional aesthetics and modern constructions, along with the adaptive reuse of the historic areas is considered. There is a great focus made on the importance of international cooperation and compliance with the UNESCO requirements".
This paper studies the issue of the connection of the architectural legacy of Azerbaijan with the current system of urban development in theory and practice. Considering Baku as the key example of the discussed subject, the author analyses the successful co-existence of the historic structures in a developing city and tries to find out the ways to preserve the identity of this place during the process of the globalization of cities. Instead of working on restoration projects separately, the author suggests using the urban approach to preservation of the historic places as an important element of the socio-economic and architectural structure of the city. Moreover, the issue of the balance between the traditional aesthetics and modern constructions, along with the adaptive reuse of the historic areas is considered. There is a great focus made on the importance of international cooperation and compliance with the UNESCO requirements".
1. Foster G., Saleh R. The Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage in European Circular City Plans: A Systematic Review. Sustainability. 2021. 13 (5). Art. 2889. DOI: 10.3390/su13052889
2. Pintossi N., Ikiz Kaya D., Pereira Roders A. Identifying Challenges and Solutions in Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse through the Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Amsterdam Sustainability. 2021. 13 (10). Art. 5547. DOI: 10.3390/su13105547
3. Bosone M., De Toro P., Fusco Girard L., Gravagnuolo A., Iodice S. Indicators for Ex-Post Evaluation of Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse Impacts in the Perspective of the Circular Economy. Sustainability. 2021. 13 (9). Art. 4759. DOI: 10.3390/su13094759
4. Dell’Ovo M., Dell’Anna F., Simonelli R., Sdino L. Enhancing the Cultural Heritage through Adaptive Reuse: A Multicriteria Approach. Sustainability. 2021. 13 (8). Art. 4440. DOI: 10.3390/su13084440.
5. Foster G., Saleh R. The Circular City and Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage Index. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021. 175. Art.105880. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105880
6. Owojori M.O., Okoro C.S., Chileshe N. Current Status and Emerging Trends on the Adaptive Reuse of Buildings: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability. 2021. 13 (21). Art. 11646. DOI: 10.3390/su132111646
7. Alhojaly R.A., Alawad A.A., Ghabra N.A. A Proposed Model of Assessing the Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings in Historic Jeddah. Buildings. 2022. 12 (4). Art. 406. DOI: 10.3390/buildings12040406
8. Naheed S., Shooshtarian S. The Role of Cultural Heritage in Promoting Urban Sustainability. Land. 2022. 11 (9). Art. 1508. DOI: 10.3390/land11091508
9. Fava F. Commoning Adaptive Heritage Reuse: Urban Practices and Community-Led Models in Naples. Sustainability. 2022. 14 (1). Art.191. DOI: 10.3390/su14010191
10. Pintossi N., Ikiz Kaya D., van Wesemael P., Pereira Roders A. Challenges of Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse: A Stakeholders-Based Comparative Study. Habitat International. 2023. 136. Art. 102807. DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2023.102807
11. Pintossi N., Ikiz Kaya D., Pereira Roders A. Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse in Salerno: Challenges and Solutions. City, Culture and Society. 2023. 33. Art. 100505. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccs.2023.100505
12. Cucco P., Maselli G., Nesticò A., Ribera F. An Evaluation Model for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage in Accordance with 2030 SDGs and European Quality Principles. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2023. 59. P. 202 – 216. DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2022.12.002
13. Della Spina L., Carbonara S., Stefano D., Viglianisi A. Circular Evaluation for Ranking Adaptive Reuse Strategies for Abandoned Industrial Heritage in Vulnerable Contexts. Buildings. 2023. 13 (2). Art. 458. DOI: 10.3390/buildings13020458
14. Vardopoulos I. Adaptive Reuse for Sustainable Development and Land Use: A Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis Estimating Key Determinants of Public Perceptions. Heritage. 2023. 6 (2). P. 809 – 828. DOI: 10.3390/heritage6020045
15. Arfa F.H., Lubelli B., Zijlstra H., Quist W. Criteria of “Effectiveness” and Related Aspects in Adaptive Reuse Projects of Heritage Buildings. Sustainability. 2022. 14 (3). Art. 1251. DOI: 10.3390/su14031251
16. Vizzarri C., Sangiorgio V., Fatiguso F., Calderazzi A. A Holistic Approach for the Adaptive Reuse Project Selection: The Case of the Former Enel Power Station in Bari. Land Use Policy. 2021. 111. Art. 105709. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105709
17. Wang G., Liu S. Adaptability Evaluation of Historic Buildings as an Approach to Propose Adaptive Reuse Strategies Based on Complex Adaptive System Theory. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2021. 52. P. 134 – 145. DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2021.09.009
18. Aigwi I.E., Duberia A., Nwadike A.N. Adaptive Reuse of Existing Buildings as a Sustainable Tool for Climate Change Mitigation within the Built Environment//Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2023. Vol.56. Art. 102945. DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102945
19. Scaffidi F., Micelli E., Nash M. The Role of the Social Entrepreneur for Sustainable Heritage-Led Urban Regeneration. Cities. 2024. 158. Art. 105670. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105670
20. Zeadat Z.F., Bani Ahmad A., Alnsour J.A. Adaptive Reuse Challenges of Jordan’s Heritage Buildings. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 2024. DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2024.2329661
21. Boussaa D., Madandola M. Cultural Heritage Tourism and Urban Regeneration: The Case of Fez Medina in Morocco. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2024. 13 (6). P. 1228 – 1248. DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.008
22. Gravagnuolo A., Angrisano M., Bosone M., Buglione F., De Toro P., Fusco Girard L. Participatory Evaluation of Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse Interventions in the Circular Economy Perspective: A Case Study of Historic Buildings in Salerno, Italy. Journal of Urban Management. 2024. 13 (1). P. 107 – 139. DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2023.12.002
23. Fava F., Micelli E., Pizzo B. Ongoing Adaptive Reuse Patterns of Heritage Resilience Before and After COVID-19. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development. 2024. DOI: 10.1108/JCHMSD-06-2021-0116
24. Szopińska-Mularz M. Adaptive Reuse of Urban Structures as a Driver of Sustainable Development//Sustainability. 2025. 17 (11). Art. 4963. DOI: 10.3390/su17114963
25. Zhang Q., Md Ali Z., Zainal Abidin N. Sustainable Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings: Development of a Framework from Systematic Review//npj Heritage Science. 2025. 13. Art. 619. DOI: 10.1186/s40494-025-02155-2
26. Arfa F.H., Lubelli B., Quist W., Zijlstra H. A Model of the Adaptive Reuse Process of Heritage Buildings: Validation on Four Cases in the Netherlands. Design Studies. 2024. 91-92. Art. 101252. DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2024.101252
27. Vafaie F., Remøy H., Gruis V. Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings: A Systematic Literature Review of Success Factors. Habitat International. 2023. 142. Art.102926. DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2023.102926
28. Li H., Kinoshita T., Chen J., Xie J., Luo S., Su D. What Promotes Residents’ Donation Behavior for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage Projects? An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2024. 102. Art. 105213. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105213
29. Arfa F.H., Zijlstra H., Lubelli B., Quist W. Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings: From a Literature Review to a Model of Practice. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice. 2022. 13 (2). P. 148 – 170. DOI: 10.1080/17567505.2022.2058551
30. Yuliani S., Winarto Y., Hardiana A., Sumadyo A., Lake R.C., Ekawati J. Retrofit of Green Architecture through Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings in Sustainable Tourism Management. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 2025. 24 (6). P. 4758 – 4770. DOI: 10.1080/13467581.2024.2421232
31. Woolley H., Lowe A. Exploring the relationship between design approach and play value of outdoor play spaces. Landscape Research. 2013. 38 (1). P. 57 – 73.
2. Pintossi N., Ikiz Kaya D., Pereira Roders A. Identifying Challenges and Solutions in Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse through the Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Amsterdam Sustainability. 2021. 13 (10). Art. 5547. DOI: 10.3390/su13105547
3. Bosone M., De Toro P., Fusco Girard L., Gravagnuolo A., Iodice S. Indicators for Ex-Post Evaluation of Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse Impacts in the Perspective of the Circular Economy. Sustainability. 2021. 13 (9). Art. 4759. DOI: 10.3390/su13094759
4. Dell’Ovo M., Dell’Anna F., Simonelli R., Sdino L. Enhancing the Cultural Heritage through Adaptive Reuse: A Multicriteria Approach. Sustainability. 2021. 13 (8). Art. 4440. DOI: 10.3390/su13084440.
5. Foster G., Saleh R. The Circular City and Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage Index. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021. 175. Art.105880. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105880
6. Owojori M.O., Okoro C.S., Chileshe N. Current Status and Emerging Trends on the Adaptive Reuse of Buildings: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability. 2021. 13 (21). Art. 11646. DOI: 10.3390/su132111646
7. Alhojaly R.A., Alawad A.A., Ghabra N.A. A Proposed Model of Assessing the Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings in Historic Jeddah. Buildings. 2022. 12 (4). Art. 406. DOI: 10.3390/buildings12040406
8. Naheed S., Shooshtarian S. The Role of Cultural Heritage in Promoting Urban Sustainability. Land. 2022. 11 (9). Art. 1508. DOI: 10.3390/land11091508
9. Fava F. Commoning Adaptive Heritage Reuse: Urban Practices and Community-Led Models in Naples. Sustainability. 2022. 14 (1). Art.191. DOI: 10.3390/su14010191
10. Pintossi N., Ikiz Kaya D., van Wesemael P., Pereira Roders A. Challenges of Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse: A Stakeholders-Based Comparative Study. Habitat International. 2023. 136. Art. 102807. DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2023.102807
11. Pintossi N., Ikiz Kaya D., Pereira Roders A. Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse in Salerno: Challenges and Solutions. City, Culture and Society. 2023. 33. Art. 100505. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccs.2023.100505
12. Cucco P., Maselli G., Nesticò A., Ribera F. An Evaluation Model for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage in Accordance with 2030 SDGs and European Quality Principles. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2023. 59. P. 202 – 216. DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2022.12.002
13. Della Spina L., Carbonara S., Stefano D., Viglianisi A. Circular Evaluation for Ranking Adaptive Reuse Strategies for Abandoned Industrial Heritage in Vulnerable Contexts. Buildings. 2023. 13 (2). Art. 458. DOI: 10.3390/buildings13020458
14. Vardopoulos I. Adaptive Reuse for Sustainable Development and Land Use: A Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis Estimating Key Determinants of Public Perceptions. Heritage. 2023. 6 (2). P. 809 – 828. DOI: 10.3390/heritage6020045
15. Arfa F.H., Lubelli B., Zijlstra H., Quist W. Criteria of “Effectiveness” and Related Aspects in Adaptive Reuse Projects of Heritage Buildings. Sustainability. 2022. 14 (3). Art. 1251. DOI: 10.3390/su14031251
16. Vizzarri C., Sangiorgio V., Fatiguso F., Calderazzi A. A Holistic Approach for the Adaptive Reuse Project Selection: The Case of the Former Enel Power Station in Bari. Land Use Policy. 2021. 111. Art. 105709. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105709
17. Wang G., Liu S. Adaptability Evaluation of Historic Buildings as an Approach to Propose Adaptive Reuse Strategies Based on Complex Adaptive System Theory. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2021. 52. P. 134 – 145. DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2021.09.009
18. Aigwi I.E., Duberia A., Nwadike A.N. Adaptive Reuse of Existing Buildings as a Sustainable Tool for Climate Change Mitigation within the Built Environment//Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2023. Vol.56. Art. 102945. DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102945
19. Scaffidi F., Micelli E., Nash M. The Role of the Social Entrepreneur for Sustainable Heritage-Led Urban Regeneration. Cities. 2024. 158. Art. 105670. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105670
20. Zeadat Z.F., Bani Ahmad A., Alnsour J.A. Adaptive Reuse Challenges of Jordan’s Heritage Buildings. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 2024. DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2024.2329661
21. Boussaa D., Madandola M. Cultural Heritage Tourism and Urban Regeneration: The Case of Fez Medina in Morocco. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2024. 13 (6). P. 1228 – 1248. DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.008
22. Gravagnuolo A., Angrisano M., Bosone M., Buglione F., De Toro P., Fusco Girard L. Participatory Evaluation of Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse Interventions in the Circular Economy Perspective: A Case Study of Historic Buildings in Salerno, Italy. Journal of Urban Management. 2024. 13 (1). P. 107 – 139. DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2023.12.002
23. Fava F., Micelli E., Pizzo B. Ongoing Adaptive Reuse Patterns of Heritage Resilience Before and After COVID-19. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development. 2024. DOI: 10.1108/JCHMSD-06-2021-0116
24. Szopińska-Mularz M. Adaptive Reuse of Urban Structures as a Driver of Sustainable Development//Sustainability. 2025. 17 (11). Art. 4963. DOI: 10.3390/su17114963
25. Zhang Q., Md Ali Z., Zainal Abidin N. Sustainable Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings: Development of a Framework from Systematic Review//npj Heritage Science. 2025. 13. Art. 619. DOI: 10.1186/s40494-025-02155-2
26. Arfa F.H., Lubelli B., Quist W., Zijlstra H. A Model of the Adaptive Reuse Process of Heritage Buildings: Validation on Four Cases in the Netherlands. Design Studies. 2024. 91-92. Art. 101252. DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2024.101252
27. Vafaie F., Remøy H., Gruis V. Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings: A Systematic Literature Review of Success Factors. Habitat International. 2023. 142. Art.102926. DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2023.102926
28. Li H., Kinoshita T., Chen J., Xie J., Luo S., Su D. What Promotes Residents’ Donation Behavior for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage Projects? An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2024. 102. Art. 105213. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105213
29. Arfa F.H., Zijlstra H., Lubelli B., Quist W. Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings: From a Literature Review to a Model of Practice. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice. 2022. 13 (2). P. 148 – 170. DOI: 10.1080/17567505.2022.2058551
30. Yuliani S., Winarto Y., Hardiana A., Sumadyo A., Lake R.C., Ekawati J. Retrofit of Green Architecture through Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings in Sustainable Tourism Management. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 2025. 24 (6). P. 4758 – 4770. DOI: 10.1080/13467581.2024.2421232
31. Woolley H., Lowe A. Exploring the relationship between design approach and play value of outdoor play spaces. Landscape Research. 2013. 38 (1). P. 57 – 73.
Aghamaliyeva Y.Ch., Aghayeva N.E., Salehzadeh G.S., Khalilov Y.Kh., Alifov A.S., Gurbanov R.R., Kaziyeva Z.V. Development and revalorization of the architectural heritage of Azerbaijan in the urban planning system. Construction Materials and Products. 2026. 9 (4). 9. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-4-9