Menshikova V.K.

Candidate of Engineering Sciences (Ph.D.), Associate Professor, Siberian Federal University, Russia

NON-PLASTIC RAW MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION CERAMICS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-4-31-38
Abstract
Abstract: research by some scientists shows that the most expensive element in the manufacture of construction ceramics are clay materials, in particular kaolins. They allow getting products with high strength, but at the same time increase significantly the mass refractoriness. In this connection, a significant amount of melt is added or the firing temperature is increased. Of course, this leads to an increase in the cost of products. In Russia, the reserves of these raw materials are insufficient and it is advisable to look for new non-traditional types of raw materials. There is a need to adjust the component composition of ceramic masses and use non-plastic raw materials. An example is natural wollastonites or their analogues in the form of diopside, which are a little-used type of mineral raw material. In the Siberian region, there are several deposits of non-plastic varieties of raw materials for the production of fired construction products. The most famous are the deposits of the Slyudyansky and Sayan districts. The authors present the results of analysis of diopside rocks, where the chemical, mineral compositions and behavior of samples under heating are studied. The absence of alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides in diopsides was determined. The content of iron oxide in the amount of 0.1% indicates the purity of the raw material. More than half of the composition is occupied by silica, which is 53% and 58% in the rocks of the Burutuysky and Sayan deposits, respectively. The basis of the mineral composition of the samples is diopside, with the presence of quartz, calcite, mica and magnesium carbonate. This range of minerals is traditional in many charges of ceramic materials. Therefore, the possibility of using diopside rocks in the production of building ceramic materials is quite high.
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CERAMIC BUILDING MATERIALS USING NON-TRADITIONAL RAW MATERIALS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-3-40-46
Abstract
The paper raises questions about the search for the possibility of obtaining a construction ceramic material using a special type of raw material component. Diopside concentrate was chosen as the basis for the ceramic masses due to its positive parameters necessary to improve the strength properties of the material and to support local deposits of raw materials in the East Siberian region. To reduce the optimal firing temperature, an aqueous-alkaline solution of sodium silicate was used in small quantities. The chemical composition of the diopside rock showed mainly the presence of silicon oxides. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of diopside, quartz and calcite. Sodium-silicate glass is characterized by a full content of silica and a modulus of 3. Using the state diagram of three-component systems, the temperature limits necessary for sintering ceramic masses are established. The fusibility curves show that at a temperature of 1040oC, the values of the primary melt for various compositions are 4-14%, and the total melt content is observed at 1475oC. The parameters of physical and mechanical properties of the ceramic material were determined, where at the firing temperature of 1000-1100oC the value of fire shrinkage was no more than 1%, water absorption up to 10%, and compressive strength up to 31 MPa. Moreover, with an increase in the amount of diopside to 90% by weight, the strength increases, and shrinkage decreases. X-ray phase analysis of the compositions determined mainly analytical lines of diopside, which begin to decrease by 1000oC, which determines the relationship with the liquid glass. The DTA and TG curves of the thermogram showed endothermic and exothermic effects due to the release of adsorbed water and crystallization of glass. The possibility of obtaining high-strength low-shrink ceramics using diopside raw materials as the basis of ceramic masses when adding sodium-silicate glass in the form of a melt is established.
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