Zemlyanskaya A.G.

Associate Professor of Construction Materials Department, Don State Technical University, Candidate of Engineering Sciences (Ph.D.)

Distinguishing characteristics of the molding properties of ceramic masses based on siliceous opoka-like rocks for the production of large-format porous stones using the rigid extrusion method

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-2-2
Abstract
The article analyzes the main technological approaches to controlling the molding properties of ceramic compounds based on opoka-like rocks – highly porous siliceous rocks for the production of large-format wall blocks by rigid extrusion with horizontal voids. Opoka-like rocks, which are siliceous sedimentary formations, have high dispersion, porosity and a significant content of amorphous silica. Their use in the production of building ceramics makes it possible to reduce the density of products, improve thermal insulation properties and reduce energy consumption for firing. The low plasticity of opoka-like raw materials complicates their molding using traditional methods. Therefore, rigid extrusion represents an effective technological solution for producing parts with complex geometries and specified physical and mechanical properties, while reducing the energy consumption of the process, making it preferable for use in modern, environmentally friendly industries.
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Dry masonry mixtures based on siliceous opal-cristobalite rocks for clinker bricks

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-2-5
Abstract
Clinker bricks have always attracted consumers with their high physical and mechanical characteristics: strength, dense structure, frost resistance, low water absorption values. In recent years, enterprises producing ceramic materials have begun to look for the opportunity to produce these products in Russia. With increased demand for clinker bricks, a technology has emerged for creating large-sized clinker stones which feature increased voids – 60-80%, an average density of 450-700 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity of 0.8-0.11 W/(m•°C), and a compressive strength of 10-30 MPa. The use of such wall products in construction projects predetermines specific building mixtures for masonry work that would meet the required values for strength, water absorption, vapor permeability and, at the same time, would have reduced thermal conductivity characteristics. To develop such masonry mortars, it is necessary to select the grain composition of quartz sand for building mixtures to ensure structural strength indicators. Thus, the research aims at finding lightweight aggregate and increasing porosity in order to improve the heat-shielding properties of clinker brick masonry and clinker high-hollow large-sized blocks.
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