Russia has a developed industry of building materials, which today implements an energy- and resource-saving model of its development. The implementation of the state policy of resource conservation is carried out in two main directions: the first direction is to save resources in the production of materials, the second is to increase the production of energy–efficient materials that allow saving energy carriers during their operation. Modern construction in Russia is guided by European construction standards, which, in turn, provides for the construction of energy-saving buildings with minimal energy consumption from external sources. This is ensured by the use of structural and thermal insulation materials in the construction of external walls. In modern structural and thermal insulation materials for energy-saving construction, high requirements are imposed on their thermal properties, mechanical strength and comfort level. From the point of view of simultaneous satisfaction of these requirements, ceramic materials have obvious advantages over other materials, in particular cellular concretes, which, with almost the same level of thermal conductivity, are characterized by the least hygroscopicity and significantly greater strength. An objective prospect for the development of structural and thermal insulation ceramics is the production of hollow ceramic stones with increased thermal efficiency for their use in economical single-layer external wall structures without additional insulation. The products of individual Ukrainian manufacturers and even imported analogues of the most famous European manufacturer (Wiernerberger Company, Austria), when used in single-layer walls, do not provide regulatory requirements for the heat transfer resistance of masonry for the first temperature zone of Russia, which occupies the majority of the territory (60%). This requires the improvement of domestic products in the direction of improving their thermal characteristics (reducing thermal conductivity and increasing thermal resistance).