English
Русский 81-103 p.
The article considers the prerequisites for the emergence and development of circuses typology, from street circuses, arenas, then tent constructions of circuses-chapitos to the formation of a stationary circus building. The periods of circuses' existence in Europe as well as in domestic practice are studied. Circus buildings in different periods, their formation, architectural appearance and the functional content of the planning solutions are discussed. In the process of writing the article different methods were used for the study and analysis: a comprehensive analysis of the design materials, photofixation, review of professional literature and publications. The objects of foreign practice, the Soviet and Russian design experience were chosen for the analysis. On the basis of this study the following conclusions were obtained. In Europe and in Russia existing circuses are reconstructed. There is no new permanent circuses being built in Europe, unlike Russia, where the continuation of the Nikitin circus traditions is traced both in circus art and in the architecture of the permanent circus. The circus is losing the niche of performing with animals, where they remain in the circus, and control over their housing, housing, and transportation is becoming stricter. There is a tendency to build multifunctional public entertainment buildings with elements of circus performances. There are still circus circuses, and in the future they will either be stationary circuses on tour, or a new kind of circus circus similar to Cirque du Soleil.
A modern circus is a multifunctional, unique architectural object, a spectacular building, which combines circus art and various show performances (on ice, on water, in the air). The central core re-mains the main arena. Currently it is a round arena, but it may be reconstructed in the future. Circus is a cultural and historical heritage in Russia.
A modern circus is a multifunctional, unique architectural object, a spectacular building, which combines circus art and various show performances (on ice, on water, in the air). The central core re-mains the main arena. Currently it is a round arena, but it may be reconstructed in the future. Circus is a cultural and historical heritage in Russia.
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[17] History of the State School of Circus and Variety Art of the GUTSEI. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.ruscircus.ru/history (rus.)
[18] Decree of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation No. Z-965 dated August 2, 2017. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://rulaws.ru/acts/Rasporyazhenie-Minkultury-Rossii-ot-02.08.2017-N-R-965/ (rus.)
[2] Sysoeva E.V. Evolution and prospects of construction of circus buildings in Europe. Investments and innovations. 2016. 2. P. 258 – 263. (rus.)
[3] Klepatskaya O.S. Circus as a phenomenon of Russian culture of the first third of the XX century: abstract of dissertation ... Cand. of Culturol. Vyatka State Humanitarian Institute, Kirov, 2009. 19 p. (rus.)
[4] Cairoli M. The architectural acoustic design for a circus: The case study of Rigas Cirks. Applied Acoustics. 2021. 173. Art.(107726).
[5] Ismail M.R., Eldaly H. Acoustic of monolithic dome structures. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2018. 7 (1). P. 56 – 66.
[6] van Rens F.E.C.A., Heritage B. Mental health of circus artists: Psychological resilience, circus factors, and demographics predict depression, anxiety, stress, and flourishing. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2021. 53. Art. (101850).
[7] Kawata K. Wild animal training: A glance at circuses and hediger's viewpoint. Der Zoologische Garten. 2016. 85 (5). P. 261 – 279.
[8] Heger A., Schwarz C.-S., Krauskopf A., Heinze S. Fatal attack on a pedestrian by an escaped circus elephant. Forensic Science International. 2019. 300. P. 1 – 3.
[9] Abramovskaya A. Shapito: both laughter and sin [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.advgazeta.ru/ag-expert/advices/shapito-i-smekh-i-grekh/ (rus.)
[10] In which European countries circus animals are banned [Electronic resource]. URL: https://dzen.ru/a/XUgWVfjqZwCuzkys (rus.)
[11] Belova I., Matsiong E., Mikhailov A. In Russia, hundreds of circuses and zoos were under threat of closure [Electronic resource].URL: https://rg.ru/2022/01/07/reg-ufo/v-rossii-pod-ugrozoj-zakrytiia-okazalis-sotni-cirkov-i-zooparkov.html (rus.)
[12] The history of the appearance and development of the circus [Electronic resource].URL: https://studbooks.net/598327/kulturologiya/istoriya_poyavleniya_razvitiya_tsirka_pervye_tsirka_mire (rus.)
[13] Varlamov I. Behind the Scenes of Cirque du Soleil [Electronic resource]. URL: https://varlamov.ru/3398529.html (rus.)
[14] The whole world admired them, and now Cirque Du Soleil is facing bankruptcy. What does the management do to protect not only the world-famous brand, but also the employees. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://businessman.ru/news/imi-voshischalsya-ves-mir-a-teper-tsirku-dyu-soley-grozit-bankrotstvo-chto-delaet-rukovodstvo-chtobyi-zaschitit-ne-tolko-vsemirno-izvestnyiy-brend-no-i-sotrudnikov.html (rus.)
[15] Shamaeva T.V., Podkolzina N.S. Circuses – a disappearing typological species or a new stage of development? Innovation and investment.2022. 9. P. 133 – 138. (rus.)
[16] The history of the circus in Russia. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.culture.ru/materials/253330/istoriya-cirka-v-rossii (rus.)
[17] History of the State School of Circus and Variety Art of the GUTSEI. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.ruscircus.ru/history (rus.)
[18] Decree of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation No. Z-965 dated August 2, 2017. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://rulaws.ru/acts/Rasporyazhenie-Minkultury-Rossii-ot-02.08.2017-N-R-965/ (rus.)
Shamaeva T.V., Podkolzina N.S. Prerequisites and Trends in the Architecture of Modern Circuses. Construction Materials and Products. 2023. 6 (2). P. 83 – 103. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-2-81-103