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Shamaeva T.V.

Candidate of Ar-chitecture (Ph.D.), Associate Professor, National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Department of Architecture, Russia

Prerequisites and Trends in the Architecture of Modern Circuses

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-2-81-103
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 81-103 p.
Abstract
The article considers the prerequisites for the emergence and development of circuses typology, from street circuses, arenas, then tent constructions of circuses-chapitos to the formation of a stationary circus building. The periods of circuses' existence in Europe as well as in domestic practice are studied. Circus buildings in different periods, their formation, architectural appearance and the functional content of the planning solutions are discussed. In the process of writing the article different methods were used for the study and analysis: a comprehensive analysis of the design materials, photofixation, review of professional literature and publications. The objects of foreign practice, the Soviet and Russian design experience were chosen for the analysis. On the basis of this study the following conclusions were obtained. In Europe and in Russia existing circuses are reconstructed. There is no new permanent circuses being built in Europe, unlike Russia, where the continuation of the Nikitin circus traditions is traced both in circus art and in the architecture of the permanent circus. The circus is losing the niche of performing with animals, where they remain in the circus, and control over their housing, housing, and transportation is becoming stricter. There is a tendency to build multifunctional public entertainment buildings with elements of circus performances. There are still circus circuses, and in the future they will either be stationary circuses on tour, or a new kind of circus circus similar to Cirque du Soleil.
A modern circus is a multifunctional, unique architectural object, a spectacular building, which combines circus art and various show performances (on ice, on water, in the air). The central core re-mains the main arena. Currently it is a round arena, but it may be reconstructed in the future. Circus is a cultural and historical heritage in Russia.
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Folded Structures in Architecture – The Forgotten Past or the Fashion Returns?

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-1-43-59
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 43-59 p.
Abstract
The article deals with modern trends in the development of folded structures in architecture. The periods of emergence and development of folded structures in foreign and domestic design practice have been studied. In the process of writing the article various methods were used to study and analyze folded structures (FR): a comprehensive analysis of design materials, photofixation, review of professional literature, publications. The objects of Soviet and Russian design experience and objects of foreign practice were selected for the analysis. The total number of objects of analysis is more than 40; the objects presented in the article are 26. On the basis of this study the task was set: to determine the directions in the development of SC in architecture for the near future.
At present, the interest in the folded structures has been revived. As a result of studies of SC in differ-ent time periods, from the beginning of their appearance to the present day, we can say that the folded structures "fashion returns". There are two trends in modern design with the use of SC. The first trend: a new round in the development of SC of long-span roofs and walls, and now there is a powerful basis in the form of programming complex structures to implement the creative potential of SC in the archi-tecture, there are innovative building materials and technologies for the implementation of the object. The second direction is related to the use of folded structures as façade folding elements, working ex-clusively to create a unique appearance of the building. Buildings using folded structures and elements become examples for a variety of contemporary styles in architecture. It is safe to say that folded structures are relevant in contemporary architecture. The use of folded structures and architectural folding elements provides great scope for the implementation of bold architectural ideas and the crea-tion of unique, individual architectural forms, volumes of buildings and structures for buildings of dif-ferent functions.
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