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Under tightening requirements for the energy efficiency of buildings, the development of building materials with reduced thermal conductivity and with the use of secondary resources is gaining particular relevance. A promising area is the use of cullet in the production technology of silicate bricks as a wall building material. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of dispersity and the content of glass powder obtained from sheet glass waste on the physicomechanical and thermophysical properties of autoclaved silicate bricks. Glass powder was examined as an active silica-containing additive and a source of alkaline Na⁺ ions that affect hydrothermal phase formation. The samples were molded by semi-dry pressing at a pressure of 20 MPa and 10–12% humidity of the mixture, after which the bricks were autoclaved according to the industrial regime of the silicate brick factory of West Kazakhstan Corporation of Building Materials, JSC (174–175°C, 0.8 MPa). The introduction of 5–15% fine glass powder was found to decrease the average density and thermal conductivity coefficient of the product while maintaining strength at the level of grades M150–M200. Microstructural and phase analysis showed a predominance of an amorphous and semi-crystalline C–S–H phase with the suppression of tobermorite formation due to the alkaline effect of glass powder. The study determined that the modification of silicate bricks with glass powder allows obtaining more energy-efficient wall materials without changing the industrial production technology. The findings testify to the prospects of recycling cullet in the silicate brick production technology with the aims of increasing the energy efficiency of the enclosing structures.
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9. Tahwia A.M., Essam A., Tayeh B.A., Abd Elrahman M. Enhancing sustainability of ultra-high performance concrete utilizing high-volume waste glass powder. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2022. 17. P. e01648. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01648
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11. Al-Nawasir R., Al-Humeidawi B., Khan M.I., Khahro S.H., Memon Z.A. Effect of glass waste powder and date palm seed ash based sustainable cementitious grouts on the performance of semi-flexible pavement. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2024. 21. P. e03453. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03453
12. Mkilima T., Sabitov Y., Shakhmov Z., Abilmazhenov T., Tlegenov A., Jumabayev A., Turashev A., Kaliyeva Zh. Exploring the synergistic effect of recycled glass fibres and agricultural waste ash on concrete strength and environmental sustainability. Cleaner Engineering and Technology. 2024. 20. P. 100752. DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2024.100752
13. Al-Awabdeh F.W., Al-Kheetan M.J., Jweihan Y.S., Al-Hamaiedeh H., Ghaffar S.H. Comprehensive investigation of recycled waste glass in concrete using silane treatment for performance improvement. Results in Engineering. 2022. 16. P. 100790. DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100790
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15. Barreto G.N.S., Gomes M.L.P.M., Carvalho E.A.S., Lopera H.A.C., Monteiro S.N., Vieira C.M.F. Flexible artificial stone developed with waste tire and waste glass agglomerated by a biopolymeric resin. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2023. 25. P. 7417 – 7429. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.206
16. Khokhar S.A., Khan A., Siddique A., Khushnood R.A., Malik U.J. A predictive mimicker for mechanical properties of eco-efficient and sustainable bricks incorporating waste glass using machine learning. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023. 19. P. e02424. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02424
17. Cozzarini L., De Lorenzi L., Fortuna L., Bevilacqua P. Recycling of glass waste and spent alkaline batteries cathodes into insulation materials. Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 2023. 38. P. e00767. DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2023.e00767
18. Maldonado-Alameda A., Mañosa J., López-Montero T., Catalán-Parra R., Chimenos J.M. High-porosity alkali-activated binders based on glass and aluminium recycling industry waste. Construction and Building Materials. 2023. 400. P. 132741. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132741
19. Xin Y., Robert D., Mohajerani A., Tran P., Pramanik B.K. Transformation of waste-contaminated glass dust in sustainable fired clay bricks. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023. 18. P. e01717. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01717
20. Akinwande A.A., Oyediran A.O., Balogun O.A., Balogun R.B. El Hachem C., Accouche O., Azab M. Experimental analysis and optimization of kenaf fiber-lateritic bricks using glass powder as partial cement replacement. Scientific African. 2024. 26. P. e02457. DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02457
21. Bali Y., Kriker A., Abimouloud Y., Bouzouaid S. Improving thermal insulation of fired earth bricks with alfa plant and glass powder additives: effects on thermo-physical and mechanical properties. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2024. 53. P. 103778. DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2023.103778
22. Patrisia Y., Gunasekara C., Law D.W., Loh T., Nguyen K.T.Q., Setunge S.
Optimizing engineering potential in sustainable structural concrete brick utilizing pond ash and unwashed recycled glass sand integration. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2024. 21. P. e03816. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03816
23. Pandey V., Panda S.K., Singh V.K. Preparation and characterization of high-strength insulating porous bricks by reusing coal mine overburden waste, red mud and rice husk. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2024. 469. P. 143134. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143134
24. Sun J., Tang Y., Wang J., Wang X., Wang J., Yu Z., Cheng Q., Wang Y. A multi-objective optimisation approach for activity excitation of waste glass mortar. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2022. 17. P. 2280 – 2304. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.01.066
25. Wang D., Amin M.N., Khan K., Nazar S., Gamil Y., Najeh T. Comparing the efficacy of GEP and MEP algorithms in predicting concrete strength incorporating waste eggshell and waste glass powder. Developments in the Built Environment. 2024. 17. P. 100361. DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2024.100361
26. Crespo-López L., Coletti C., Arizzi A., Cultrone G. Effects of using tea waste as an additive in the production of solid bricks in terms of their porosity, thermal conductivity, strength and durability. Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 2024. 39. P. e00859. DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e00859
27. Jonnala S.N., Gogoi D., Devi S., Kumar M., Kumar C. A comprehensive study of building materials and bricks for residential construction. Construction and Building Materials. 2024. 425. P. 135931. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135931
28. Febin G.K., Abhirami A., Vineetha A.K., Manisha V., Ramkrishnan R., Sathyan D., Mini K.M. Strength and durability properties of quarry dust powder incorporated concrete blocks.
Construction and Building Materials. 2019. 228. P. 116793. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116793
29. Tang L., Liu T., Sun P., Wang Y., Liu, G. Sisal fiber modified construction waste recycled brick as building material: properties, performance and applications. Structures. 2022. 46. P. 927 – 935. DOI: 10.1016/j.istruc.2022.10.126
30. Fares G., Al-Zaid R.Z., Fauzi A., Alhozaimy A.M., Al-Negheimish A.I., Khan M.I.
Performance of optimized electric arc furnace dust-based cementitious matrix compared to conventional supplementary cementitious materials. Construction and Building Materials. 2016. 112. P. 210 – 221. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.068
31. Sobuz M.H.R., Kabbo M.K.I., Alahmari T.S., Ashraf J., Gorgun E., Khan M.M.H. Microstructural behavior and explainable machine learning aided mechanical strength prediction and optimization of recycled glass-based solid waste concrete. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2025. 22. P. e04305. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04305
32. Lemougna P.N., Ismailov A., Levanen E., Tanskanen P., Yliniemi J., Kilpimaa K., Illikainen M. Upcycling glass wool and spodumene tailings in building ceramics from kaolinitic and illitic clay. Journal of Building Engineering. 2024. 81. P. 108122. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2023.108122
2. Lai Z., Chen Y. Enhancing the mechanical and environmental performance of solidified soil using construction waste and glass micro-powder. Heliyon. 2024. 10 (22). P. e40187. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40187
3. Akoğuz H. Performance evaluation of waste glass in soil improvement: influence of particle size of waste glass on mechanical, microstructural, and durability characteristics. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2025. 22. P. e04241. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04241
4. Sathiparan N., Subramaniam D.N. Potential use of crushed waste glass and glass powder in sustainable pervious concrete: a review. Cleaner Waste Systems. 2024. 9. P. 100191. DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2024.100191
5. Harrison E., Berenjian A., Seifan M. Recycling of waste glass as aggregate in cement-based materials. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology. 2020. 4. P. 100064. DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2020.100064
6. Gao X., Yu Q., Li X.S., Yuan Y. Assessing the modification efficiency of waste glass powder in hydraulic construction materials. Construction and Building Materials. 2020. 263. P. 120111. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120111
7. Abellán-García J., Abbas Y.M., Khan M.I., Pellicer-Martínez F. ANOVA-guided assessment of waste glass and limestone powder influence on ultra-high-performance concrete properties. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2024. 20. P. e03231. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03231
8. Salahaddin S.D., Haido J.H., Wardeh G. Rheological and mechanical characteristics of basalt fiber UHPC incorporating waste glass powder in lieu of cement. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2024. 15 (3). P. 102515. DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2023.102515
9. Tahwia A.M., Essam A., Tayeh B.A., Abd Elrahman M. Enhancing sustainability of ultra-high performance concrete utilizing high-volume waste glass powder. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2022. 17. P. e01648. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01648
10. Priya E., Vasanthi P., Prabhu B., Murugesan P. Sawdust as a sustainable additive: comparative insights into its role in concrete and brick applications. Cleaner Waste Systems. 2025. 11. P. 100286. DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100286
11. Al-Nawasir R., Al-Humeidawi B., Khan M.I., Khahro S.H., Memon Z.A. Effect of glass waste powder and date palm seed ash based sustainable cementitious grouts on the performance of semi-flexible pavement. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2024. 21. P. e03453. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03453
12. Mkilima T., Sabitov Y., Shakhmov Z., Abilmazhenov T., Tlegenov A., Jumabayev A., Turashev A., Kaliyeva Zh. Exploring the synergistic effect of recycled glass fibres and agricultural waste ash on concrete strength and environmental sustainability. Cleaner Engineering and Technology. 2024. 20. P. 100752. DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2024.100752
13. Al-Awabdeh F.W., Al-Kheetan M.J., Jweihan Y.S., Al-Hamaiedeh H., Ghaffar S.H. Comprehensive investigation of recycled waste glass in concrete using silane treatment for performance improvement. Results in Engineering. 2022. 16. P. 100790. DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100790
14. Odaa S.A., Al-Hadithi A.I., Mansoor Y.A. Preparation and characterization of nano-waste glass powder. Results in Materials. 2023. 20. P. 100470. DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100470
15. Barreto G.N.S., Gomes M.L.P.M., Carvalho E.A.S., Lopera H.A.C., Monteiro S.N., Vieira C.M.F. Flexible artificial stone developed with waste tire and waste glass agglomerated by a biopolymeric resin. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2023. 25. P. 7417 – 7429. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.206
16. Khokhar S.A., Khan A., Siddique A., Khushnood R.A., Malik U.J. A predictive mimicker for mechanical properties of eco-efficient and sustainable bricks incorporating waste glass using machine learning. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023. 19. P. e02424. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02424
17. Cozzarini L., De Lorenzi L., Fortuna L., Bevilacqua P. Recycling of glass waste and spent alkaline batteries cathodes into insulation materials. Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 2023. 38. P. e00767. DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2023.e00767
18. Maldonado-Alameda A., Mañosa J., López-Montero T., Catalán-Parra R., Chimenos J.M. High-porosity alkali-activated binders based on glass and aluminium recycling industry waste. Construction and Building Materials. 2023. 400. P. 132741. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132741
19. Xin Y., Robert D., Mohajerani A., Tran P., Pramanik B.K. Transformation of waste-contaminated glass dust in sustainable fired clay bricks. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023. 18. P. e01717. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01717
20. Akinwande A.A., Oyediran A.O., Balogun O.A., Balogun R.B. El Hachem C., Accouche O., Azab M. Experimental analysis and optimization of kenaf fiber-lateritic bricks using glass powder as partial cement replacement. Scientific African. 2024. 26. P. e02457. DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02457
21. Bali Y., Kriker A., Abimouloud Y., Bouzouaid S. Improving thermal insulation of fired earth bricks with alfa plant and glass powder additives: effects on thermo-physical and mechanical properties. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2024. 53. P. 103778. DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2023.103778
22. Patrisia Y., Gunasekara C., Law D.W., Loh T., Nguyen K.T.Q., Setunge S.
Optimizing engineering potential in sustainable structural concrete brick utilizing pond ash and unwashed recycled glass sand integration. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2024. 21. P. e03816. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03816
23. Pandey V., Panda S.K., Singh V.K. Preparation and characterization of high-strength insulating porous bricks by reusing coal mine overburden waste, red mud and rice husk. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2024. 469. P. 143134. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143134
24. Sun J., Tang Y., Wang J., Wang X., Wang J., Yu Z., Cheng Q., Wang Y. A multi-objective optimisation approach for activity excitation of waste glass mortar. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2022. 17. P. 2280 – 2304. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.01.066
25. Wang D., Amin M.N., Khan K., Nazar S., Gamil Y., Najeh T. Comparing the efficacy of GEP and MEP algorithms in predicting concrete strength incorporating waste eggshell and waste glass powder. Developments in the Built Environment. 2024. 17. P. 100361. DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2024.100361
26. Crespo-López L., Coletti C., Arizzi A., Cultrone G. Effects of using tea waste as an additive in the production of solid bricks in terms of their porosity, thermal conductivity, strength and durability. Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 2024. 39. P. e00859. DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e00859
27. Jonnala S.N., Gogoi D., Devi S., Kumar M., Kumar C. A comprehensive study of building materials and bricks for residential construction. Construction and Building Materials. 2024. 425. P. 135931. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135931
28. Febin G.K., Abhirami A., Vineetha A.K., Manisha V., Ramkrishnan R., Sathyan D., Mini K.M. Strength and durability properties of quarry dust powder incorporated concrete blocks.
Construction and Building Materials. 2019. 228. P. 116793. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116793
29. Tang L., Liu T., Sun P., Wang Y., Liu, G. Sisal fiber modified construction waste recycled brick as building material: properties, performance and applications. Structures. 2022. 46. P. 927 – 935. DOI: 10.1016/j.istruc.2022.10.126
30. Fares G., Al-Zaid R.Z., Fauzi A., Alhozaimy A.M., Al-Negheimish A.I., Khan M.I.
Performance of optimized electric arc furnace dust-based cementitious matrix compared to conventional supplementary cementitious materials. Construction and Building Materials. 2016. 112. P. 210 – 221. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.068
31. Sobuz M.H.R., Kabbo M.K.I., Alahmari T.S., Ashraf J., Gorgun E., Khan M.M.H. Microstructural behavior and explainable machine learning aided mechanical strength prediction and optimization of recycled glass-based solid waste concrete. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2025. 22. P. e04305. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04305
32. Lemougna P.N., Ismailov A., Levanen E., Tanskanen P., Yliniemi J., Kilpimaa K., Illikainen M. Upcycling glass wool and spodumene tailings in building ceramics from kaolinitic and illitic clay. Journal of Building Engineering. 2024. 81. P. 108122. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2023.108122
Montayev S.A., Sakhiyev B.Zh., Ryskaliev M.Zh., Zharylgapov S.M., Montayeva A.S. Controlling the density and thermal conductivity of silicate bricks by adjusting the dispersity of glass powder from glass waste. Construction Materials and Products. 2026. 9 (3). 6. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-3-6