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2020

Archives Journal Construction Materials and Products Vol. 3

MAKING PRODUCTION DECISIONS USING THE EXPERT ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-49-56
 49-56 p.
Abstract
The article deals with the problem of making industrial decisions related to the construction of industrial facilities. The scheme of decision-making is presented, with consideration of its individual components. A method of collective decision-making is proposed for use on a construction site. In general, the idea of using collective intelligence in terms of solving production tasks is justified from the position of objectivity of conclusions. The essence is to obtain estimates for the required number of properties, based on the experience and knowledge of a group of individuals united in a single commission. If the procedure for creating an expert commission and processing the results of expert evaluations is followed, this method becomes a tool for relatively quick decision-making.
The research was based on the work of a number of authors who worked on the problem of expert decision-making methods. The article describes the main stages of applying expert assessment of properties. Various methods of acceptance, processing and output of the examination results at all stages of the survey are presented.
A conceptual scheme for organizing an expert commission was created. A distinctive feature of the project is the setting of a task for specialists, in the interpretation necessary for production. This means that for the same task, the expert, depending on a number of circumstances, can give opposite conclusions.
Based on the research, we can conclude that decision-making tools like the expert commission are in demand. This article shows how to use corrective formulas to turn a collective decision into a reasonable, objective answer to a question.
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DELAY AND COST INCREASE IN LARGE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OF IRAQ

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-57-61
 57-61 p.
Abstract
The planned cost and duration of the project are two criteria for a successful project and successful project management. In Iraq, construction projects regularly faced delays and cost increases.
The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the causes of delays and cost increases, in terms of their degree of occurrence, severity and importance.
Objectives of the study: the study of the reasons leading to excess cost and duration
Research technique: a questionnaire was used to identify the causes of this situation. The questionnaire was compiled through a survey of 57 Iraqi construction experts. Twenty reasons for delays and cost increases corresponding to the construction and industrial construction projects were identified and ranked in terms of importance. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS packages.
Conclusions: The results showed that the main factors affecting the cost and duration of the project are: financial difficulties of the owner (77.61%), poor site management (77.1%), financial difficulties of the contractor (70.0%), poor assistance in project management (76.9%), design changes (76.7%). Spearman's correlation tests showed that there were no differences in views between the three main participants in the project.
These results may encourage practitioners to focus on the problem of delay and the increase in value that may exist in their current or future projects.
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SOME NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-62-69
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 62-69 p.
Abstract
This article discusses some new modern technologies in the construction of highways. The paper analyzes the use of such innovations as: various modifiers added to bitumen; advanced technologies of engineering surveys and computer-aided design of highways; geosynthetic materials for reinforcing the roadbed and asphalt concrete pavement; PBB; bituminous polymer road belts; geotextile; foam-glass rubble; rubber crumb. The advantages of using innovations in road construction are highlighted. Obstacles to the use of certain technologies are noted, taking into account the Russian reality.
The author concludes that the use of innovative materials becomes economically justified at the stage of construction and subsequent operation of the road surface. New technologies can not only improve the quality of roads, but also improve road safety.
Innovations lead to progressive changes and ensure the dynamic development of the construction industry, primarily by reducing the cost and timing of construction, improving the quality of constructed facilities, and improving the comfort of living and operation.
The paper discusses classical methods for the design works of the foundation and the GM made a review of modern structures and technologies on their device. In order to assess the possibility of using linear calculation for sheet piling fences, deep pit modeling was performed in the SCAD and PLAXIS software systems.
The results of the work are the following conclusions:
1. the method of increasing the efficiency of technologies at the device walling of the pit is proposed;
2. a finite element model of soil and GM collaboration was created.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the options, we used decision-making methods based on optimization criteria, taking into account the degree of risks involved in the work.
It is established that the necessary factor is the geotechnical support of technological impacts, which allows monitoring of works on the degree of safety and impact on highways.
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FREE AND FORCED VIBRATIONS OF SHELLS OF VARIOUS SHAPES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE VARIABILITY OF THE NON-LINEAR ELASTIC MATERIAL

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-70-75
 70-75 p.
Abstract
The article considers issues of shell vibrations, which are widely used in various industries and construction. Shells serve as elements of building structures with large spans.
The chapter “Introduction” discussed issues related to the use of shells in all areas of industry, in aviation, rocket and space technology, railway transport, in the oil and gas industry and provides examples of shells for use in ceilings of circuses, stations, hangars; in industry: shells of rotation used as tanks, containers, columns, reactors, etc. In the section “Materials and research methods” free and forced vibrations of shells of variable thickness made out of nonlinear elastic material reviewed. In shell calculations the Kirchhoff – Law hypothesis was used. It was found that, during vibrations, the shells experience relative deformation of elongation and shear of the surface with coordinates (x, y), as well as bending and torsion strains. It is established that vibrations in the shells lead to a rotation of the main directions of elasticity and regarding to the adopted coordinate axis to angle θ, and the elastic constants of the material depend on the elastic constant Biy – the main directions of the nonlinear elastic shells.
When solving the system of equations of motion of the shell relative to the displacements arising in it during vibration, based on theory R and various methods. The values of the dimensionless frequency parameter for a spherical shell taking into account changes in its curvature, variability and thickness of elastic properties are obtained.
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ENERGY METHOD BASED ON THE STABILITY OF THE FLAT SHAPE OF THE CANTILEVER STRIP BEND TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ITS OWN WEIGHT

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-76-82
 76-82 p.
Abstract
The problem of bending a strip by a force applied at the end is not of practical interest. Such method of loading and securing the ends is interesting only because it is most convenient to implement it on experience, which makes it possible to verify the Prandtl theory. When conducting experiments, there is a need for two corrections: it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the self-weight of the strip and the effect of increasing or decreasing the point of force application. As we are talking about small corrections, it is quite enough to use only the first approximation for calculations. An effective version of the energy method is recommended. It is used to calculate rectangular cantilever strips for stability of a flat bending shape, taking into account its own weight. The essence of this variant of the method is to use the Lagrange variational principle instead of the condition for equality of the potential strain energy and the work of external forces. The proposed approach allows us to perform machine implementation of calculations and take into account an arbitrary number of members of the series. The presented solution of the problem for the cantilever beam takes into account its own weight and the action of concentrated force.
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SMART HOUSE AS A NEW TYPE OF HOUSING

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-83-88
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 83-88 p.
Abstract
Оn a number of examples, the significance and need for the introduction and development of “smart homes” in Russian cities are revealed. This paper describes the development of architecture, new innovations and technologies, modern materials. All this can significantly improve the lives of everyone, especially the life of older people and people with disabilities. Remote control and automation of devices, by expanding existing functionalities, such as heating control, by increasing safety, or by providing assistance services by means of monitoring, warning and detecting health problems, is undoubtedly a technological breakthrough. Also, much attention was paid to the use of innovative intellectual materials to improve environmental sustainability, economic efficiency and safety. New technologies and high-performance materials are being developed to meet these needs, offering creative and innovative solutions to long-standing problems that are especially negative for the environment. The study will discuss and analyze the integration of smart materials, technology and architecture, which promises to transform architectural thought so that we can hardly imagine it today.
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ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT HUBS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-89-94
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 89-94 p.
Abstract
It is common knowledge that the transport problem is one of the most pressing problems of large cities and megacities, acquiring an increasingly acute urban development economic and social nature. Therefore, the relevance of the research topic has been dominated by the need to upgrade transport infrastructure of the Russian Federation. The creation of transport hubs (TH) is one of the most advanced areas of upgrading and development of transport infrastructure as it helps to improve the conditions of transport accessibility and form the unity of the entire urban space and its surroundings. In this research work, transport hubs (centers) of large cities were considered and analyzed. Drawing from examples of transport hub formation on the basis of stations with signs of transport intermodality were identified. The main goal of this study was to identify the main problems, current trends and advantages of creating such objects. Complex analysis is needed to achieve the goal of research studies, as well as experience in domestic and foreign practice of the formation, functioning and development of transport hubs.
In view of the foregoing, it is safe to say that the formation and modernization of transport hubs are the primary tasks due to the real possibility of solving of urban problems.
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THE STAGES OF FORMATION (1710-1917) AND TRANSFORMATION (1918-PRESENT) OF THE ARCHITECTURAL LANDSCAPE OF THE TSARSKOYE SELO PALACES AND PARKS ENSEMBLE

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-95-103
 95-103 p.
Abstract
The article specifies the stages of the architectural landscape formation of the Tsarskoye Selo palaces and parks ensemble; the addition features of the Catherine, Alexander and Babolovsky parks and their transfor-mation phases. The chronological period of the formation of the ensemble was completed in 1917, and after the October Revolution, the suburban imperial residence changed its functional purpose and status absolutely. The feature of the architectural landscape exploring in this article is that the style-forming objects of the volume-spatial composition are palaces and pavilions; the environment-forming objects are landscape gardening art. During all the history of the ensemble formation, all subsequent changes, despite of the variety of styles, supplemented and evolved the scenario specified in the first stage. The current stage of restoration and revitalization of the planning structure and volumetric-spatial composition and the evolution of its conservation methods was considered and analysed.
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DIAGNOSTICS OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDING AT THE ADDRESS: MOSCOW, 2ND VOLKONSKY LANE, 5, P. 1.

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-104-110
 104-110 p.
Abstract
This article discusses the restoration of a historical building, which is an extremely responsible and important work to preserve the valuable Fund of historical buildings in Moscow. With the participation of the author, the work was performed to diagnose the technical condition of the historical building and develop technical solutions for restoring structural elements of the building that have lost their original properties. A set of measures to determine and evaluate the actual values of controlled parameters that characterize the performance of the object of inspection and determine the possibility of its further operation, reconstruction or the need to restore, strengthen, repair, and includes a survey of the soil base and building structures to identify changes in soil properties, deformation damage, defects of load-bearing structures and determine their actual load-bearing capacity.
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