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Modern Trends in the Architecture of Railway Stations and Transport Hubs

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-5-17-28
 17-28 p.
Abstract
The article discusses current trends in the construction of railway stations and transport hubs. The problems of large-span public buildings, as well as railway stations, were studied and their shortcomings in terms of technical equipment, architectural solutions and passenger comfort were studied. In the course of the research, various methods were used to study and analyze the problems of interest: photo-video fixation, comprehensive analysis of project materials and publications in profes-sional literature and project practice, discussion of problems at professional conferences and round tables together with representatives of Russian Railways. It is determined that at present there is a need to replace traditional railway stations and station complexes with transport interchange hubs (TIHs). Modern TIH will allow you to organize a comfortable distribution of traffic flow and at the same time meet the needs of passengers to use different modes of transport at the same time. This is determined by the greater mobility of the population on the one hand, and the requirements for the conditions of movement on the other. It has been established that thanks to new design solutions, elements and materials, the cost of structures can be reduced and large unsupported spaces inside the building can be provided, which will allow the software to freely accommodate any premises and implement various planning solutions.
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Universal Laws of Composition (Artificial and Natural Form) on the Example of the V.G. Shukhov Tower

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-5-29-41
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 29-41 p.
Abstract
The authors of the article broadcast information about the study of the compositional activity of engineers in Soviet Russia in the 20s of the XX century. in line with the architectural trend "con-structivism". The study, analysis and fixation in graphic images of masterpieces of volume-spatial composition in the history of engineering, scientific thought is considered by the authors as an isola-tion from an artificially created object – an organism of universal laws and means. The authors believe that the study, analysis and fixation in a schematic graphic material of high-class samples of science, technology, engineering allows you to develop compositional thinking, taste and teaches you to under-stand the course and origins of compositional thought in design. The study of the formal (composi-tional) sphere of the Legacy of the classics of modern and past eras allows you to build the path of the author's work on the project, avoiding mistakes and disappointments.
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Investigation of plasticizing additives based on polycarboxylate esters on the properties of concretes formed by 3D printing

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-5-42-58
 42-58 p.
Abstract
The article studies the features of the use of plasticizing additives based on polycarboxylate ether in the technology of additive construction production (3D printing). Layer-by-layer extrusion was carried out on an AMT S-6044 3D printer. The normal density and setting time of the cement paste, the average density, plastic strength and dimensional stability of the concrete mixture, the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete were studied. It is shown that plasticizing additives based on polycarboxylate esters in the considered concentrations are effective modifiers of rheotechnological and physical and mechanical properties of cement concrete mixtures used in 3D printing technology. The greatest increase in compressive and flexural strength with the introduction of the studied polycarboxylate plasticizers is observed at PC CEM I 42.5N: the introduction of 0.5% "MasterGlenium 430" leads to an increase in compressive and flexural strength by 49.3% and 31.6%; with the introduction of "MasterGlenium 115" – by 21.6% and 35%; with the introduction of "MasterGlenium 591" – by 49.8% and 41.7%, respectively. Of interest for further research is the development of complex organo-mineral additives of multifunctional action based on polycarboxylate plasticizers for concretes molded by additive manufacturing (3D printing).
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Use of modern materials in biodirectional architecture

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-5-59-69
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 59-69 p.
Abstract
We live in a dynamic time and the need for evolution in architecture is inevitable. With the advent of new generations and the development of technological progress, modern styles, ideas, technologies and materials appear.
The purpose of the article is to explore new materials that promote innovation and renewal, which can be used in biodirectional architecture. The main types of biotechnological materials are identified, a forecast for the future formation is given, based on the development and design trends.
The main results of the study are to identify the vector of development of the natural approach in ar-chitecture. The value of the acquired knowledge lies in the fact that biotechnological materials are aimed at improving the quality of architecture and its harmonious coexistence with nature. The appli-cation of existing and new biotechnological materials will improve the urban fabric.
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Study of the plasma-electrolyte process for producing titanium oxide nanoparticles

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-5-70-79
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 70-79 p.
Abstract
The work is devoted to the investigation of the process of obtaining titanium oxide nanoparticles by burning high voltage DC gas discharge in an argon atmosphere when an aqueous solution is used as one of the electrodes. It was found that using an aqueous glycine solution in an inert gas medium, the plasma-electrolyte process using a streamer discharge is well suited for producing titanium oxide nanoparticles. An important regularity of particle size decrease with the increase of argon pressure in the chamber was revealed. Thus, when the pressure is increased from 1 MPa to 3 MPa, a sharp decrease in the average particle size from 62 nm to 16 nm is observed, while the changes in the aver-age particle size are not cardinal already in the process of pressure increase up to 5 MPa. A narrowing of the dispersion composition scatter with increasing pressure for 1 MPa - ± 40 nm, 3 MPa - ± 20 nm and 5 MPa - ± 8 nm was determined. The presence of titanium oxide particles was confirmed on the basis of plasmon resonance detection at 224, 230 and 235 nm.
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Development of a plasma-chemical method for producing amorphous silicon dioxide nanoparticles

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-5-80-90
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 80-90 p.
Abstract
One of the most promising areas of production is additive technologies of building, in particular powder 3D printing. The aim of the work is to create a plasma-chemical method of obtaining amorphous silicon dioxide, satisfying the characteristics for the use of additive technologies of build-ing products, as well as in columns used in high performance liquid chromatography - one of the most common methods of study, as well as control of the environment and production products. One of the main requirements for particles is a porous structure with a surface that has a chemically bonded or physically coated active phase used for separation. Experimental installation for obtaining amorphous silica was developed, the feature of which was the possibility of rapid and continuous supply of pressed briquettes, rather than powdered material as it was previously. Studies have shown that the developed plasma-chemical process implemented in the condition of evaporation of briquettes consist-ing of 70% sand and 30% coke is effective enough to produce silicon oxide nanoparticles smaller than 200 nm. The developed method of obtaining nanoparticles should be further investigated on the ability to obtain nanoparticles smaller than 20 nm, it is so necessary to obtain the specific surface area of 200 m2/g, which will make it possible to produce from this raw material particles of the fixed phase carrier column of high-performance liquid chromatography.
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FLAT BENDING SHAPE STABILITY OF RECTANGULAR CROSS-SECTION WOODEN BEAMS WHEN FASTENING THE EDGE STRETCHED FROM THE BENDING MOMENT

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-4-5-18
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 5-18 p.
Abstract
The article presents the solution to the problem of calculating the lateral buckling of wooden beams with a narrow rectangular section, taking into account intermediate point fixing in the edge stretched from the bending moment. The structure is considered as an orthotropic plate, the calculation is performed by the finite element method (FEM). To obtain a result that is valid for any beam geometry, the system of FEM equations is reduced to a dimensionless form. The dimensionless parameter that determines the value of the critical load is calculated based on the solution of the generalized eigenvalue problem. The numerical calculation algorithm is implemented in the MATLAB environment. The developed technique is verified by comparison with calculations in the LIRA and ANSYS software systems using flat and volumetric finite elements. A comparison is also made with the calculation formula presented in the Russian design standards for wooden structures SP 64.13330.2017 for the coefficient, taking into account intermediate fixing, with pure bending. It has been established that this dependence rather roughly takes into account the fastening from the bending plane of the edge stretched from the bending moment. Using the package Curve Fitting Toolbox of the MATLAB environment, we have selected refined formula for the coefficient, which can be used in engineering calculations.
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INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT CONCRETE ON MODIFIED BITUMEN POLYMERS

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-4-19-29
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 19-29 p.
Abstract
The paper considers the method of obtaining bitumen modified with a Honeywell TitanTM7686 polymer additive and the preparation of asphalt concrete mixtures based on it. The aim of the work is to study the properties of the obtained bitumen and the possibility of its use in road organizations of the Vladimir region for the manufacture of asphalt concrete with improved deformative indicators. The study was carried out on bitumen BND 70/100 LLC LUKOIL – Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez, determined not only the main indicators of bitumen, but also some additional ones necessary to determine the intervals of mixing and compaction. A step-by-step algorithm for introducing an additive into bitumen is described, the optimal amount of the introduced modifier, temperature and mixing time are determined. The obtained test results of the modified bitumen were compared with the data of the initial samples. Next, the selection of the composition of the asphalt concrete mix was carried out and samples were made on modified bitumen and bitumen without a modifier. From the prepared asphalt concrete mixture A16Vn on bitumen modified by Honeywell Titan 7686, the top layer of the coating with a thickness of 4 cm was laid on the pilot site. After the installation of the asphalt concrete layer, cuttings were selected and studies of the selected samples from the coating were carried out. The test results showed a significant improvement in the main indicators of asphalt concrete mixtures and asphalt concrete, as well as resistance to rutting, which could not be achieved without the use of a modified binder.
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BINDER COMPOSITIONS BASED ON PORTLAND CEMENT AND VOLCANIC ASH

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-4-30-38
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 30-38 p.
Abstract
Today, preference is given to composite binders. The use of dispersed mineral fillers makes it possible to realize the potential of binders to a large extent, which leads to an increase in the physico-mechanical, operational and technical properties of composite binders, as well as building materials based on them, and reduces the consumption of expensive binders. The creation of highly effective composite binders is based on the management of their production technology at all stages: the selection of raw materials, the development of optimal compositions, the use of mechanical activation of raw materials, the modification of composite binders with functional chemical additives, and some other methods. The use of volcanic ash in the world is quite diverse, it is used not only as additives for building materials, but also it has found its application in medicine. Many countries are beginning to use volcanic ash as a building material. The article presents the results of obtaining binder compositions of optimal composition based on Portland cement and volcanic ash. Experimental studies of the granulometric composition have been carried out, the results of tests of binder compositions of the compositions: cement – volcanic ash, prepared in a vibratory mill, have been presented. The results of physical and mechanical tests of binder compositions with different content of volcanic ash, activated for 10 and 20 minutes in a vibratory mill, have been obtained. Research work has been carried out to study the microstructure of volcanic ash.
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RESULTS OF ENDURANCE TESTING OF PREFABRICATED CRANE STRUCTURES

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-4-39-49
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 39-49 p.
Abstract
The purpose of the work is to analyze the results of tests of prefabricated crane beams for endurance during cyclic tests on a specially designed stand. The method of carrying out such tests is given. It indicates the inadmissibility of the operation of steel crane structures with cracks and the importance of research aimed at increasing the endurance and durability of crane beams. It proves the need to develop new crane beams (various profiles) to increase the period of accident-free operation of industrial buildings (using bridge lifting mechanisms with heavy duty) up to 25 years. It is proved that the developed prefabricated crane beam has improved (in comparison with the standard) characteristics.
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