Keywords: soil

Injection mortars based on composite cements for soil fixation

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-4-15-29
Abstract
The fixation of subsidence soils is an important practical scientific and technical task, which makes it possible to carry out construction and repair work on weak (subsidence) base soils. Composite cements (CC) have been developed, including aluminosilicates (AS), obtained by enrichment of ash and slag mixture (up to 65 wt.%), Portland cement clinker and gypsum. Based on the developed CC, a wide range of injection solutions with water-binding ratios from 1.0 to 2.0, including screening of crushed granite from 0.7 fineness modules, has been created. The developed injection mortars are capable of effectively fixing the soils of the foundations of underground structures, providing the strength of the soil-concrete mass up to 25.6 MPa with a deformation modulus of 10.1 GPa. According to the sedimentation analysis of solutions, it can be seen that these materials have a percentage of water separation from 22.5% at W/B=1 to 36.5% at W/B=2. At the same time, the viscosity indicators of these materials indicate a high penetrating ability, since the time of the expiration of mortars through a Marsh viscometer for mortars IR5 and IR6 is 39 and 40 seconds at W / B = 1.5 and W/ B = 2, respec-tively. The effect of increasing the density of injection mortars on composite cement at the age of 28 days was maximum at an AS dosage of 45% by weight, then it decreased with an increase in the con-tent of the aluminosilicate component. There are high ratios of the values of strength properties on the second day to similar indicators in the 28-days age: for compressive strength 0.24 (0.20-0.22 for addi-tive-free clinker compositions), for flexural strength 0.16 (0.15 for additive-free clinker compositions; while increasing the AS content above 45%, this ratio decreases to 0.14). High early strength makes it possible to effectively use injection mortars for urgent fixing of soils during the repair of underground structures.
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CREATING GROUND CONCRETE AND STRENGTHENING SUBSTRATES USING MINING WASTE

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-3-35-44
Abstract
The study examines the theoretical aspects of the structure formation of reinforced cohesive soils. The analysis of the most promising methods of chemical strengthening of soils with mining waste has been carried out. The paper provides information on the selection of the composition of a complex binder based on lime-clay soil. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the construction industry needs areas suitable for development. This paper describes the methods of mineralogical and chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopic examination and fluorescence analysis, and also shows a new technology for strengthening clay soils with lime, simplified compared to the mechanical activation method. In the course of the research, it was possible to determine the optimal composition of soil concrete. This work also confirms the possibility of using these compounds in 3D technology in construction.
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STUDY OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SOIL STRENGTHENED BY CLINKER WASTE

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-3-43-50
Abstract
The specificity of the construction of roads is the use of a huge amount of various stone materials - sand, gravel, etc. To reduce the cost of road pavements, it is possible to replace stone materials with local soils. Such materials do not need to be transported by road or rail. It is known that most soils cannot be used in the construction of the road bed (sandy loam and loam are light dusty and heavy dusty, clay dusty and oily), as their use leads to the appearance of various deformations of the upper layers of road pavement. This problem can be solved by strengthening the soil with various types of binders, in particular, clinker waste. When conducting experimental studies to assess the effectiveness of the use of waste clinker production to strengthen the soil the following compositions without using: soil and 9% waste; soil and 18% waste; soil and 27% waste were investigated. As a result of the research, the main dependences of the changes in the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil concrete on the amount of waste clinker production introduced into the composition of various types of soils were identified. It was found that the use of waste clinker production to strengthen the loam allowed to obtain a reinforced soil brand M20. Strengthening sand with clinker production without the addition of cement is not practical, as the samples do not gain even minimal strength for 180 days, which allows them to be classified by brand, in addition, such samples have extremely low resistance.
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