Keywords: ecological safety

Specifics of information model development for functional conversion of offshore oil platforms

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-4-42-57
Abstract
The paper holds that the disposal of offshore oil platforms (OOP) after the expiration of their lifecycle is inexpedient and unjustified from the environmental standpoint, since this process results in a dramatic adverse impact imposed on the hydrosphere, which explains the relevance of OOP conver-sion into objects with other functional purposes. The focus is on the global experience of converting offshore oil platforms into residential and industrial buildings. Special attention is paid to the fact that the conversion of an object leads to a reduced construction timeline, which is possible due to optimiz-ing the timeframe of dismantling works that become unnecessary during the subsequent operation of the OOP structural parts. The point is emphasized that OOP repurposing, and in particular creating so-called floating cities on their basis, is capable of meeting a handful of environmental, socioeconomic and town-planning challenges, which however calls for a rigorous professional approach and a thor-ough study of the OOP lifecycle stages both before and after their functional conversion. This, in turn, may lay the ground for the development of an information model of OOP functional repurposing. The research is aimed to explore the specifics of developing an information model of OOP conversion into other type facilities, and as such identifies the key OOP types (submersion depth and underwater de-sign solutions, principal advantages and disadvantages) required to build individual information blocks to form part of the overarching information model of OOP conversion. Also, a scheme of information environments is provided showing the algorithm of creating an information model of OOP conversion and singling out the stages of various lifecycle phases.
The conclusion is made that the functional repurposing of offshore oil platforms is required to as-sure safety of the natural environment, suggesting that the assessment of the environmental perfor-mance and energy efficiency of the organizational and technological solutions of OOP functional con-version must be made part of the front-end design engineering milestone.
PDF

Regional plans for solid waste management: Distinctive features of practice in Russia and EU countries

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-3-98-118
Abstract
Effective management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a comprehensive problem that appears among the highest priorities on the global environmental agenda. In 2015 and 2022, a landfill filtrate was studied at a landfill for the disposal of solid household waste in the Leningrad region (Russia) to determine the content of various chemical and toxic substances. By comparative analysis of the monitoring results, it was revealed that landfill soil is extremely dangerous. The excess of the maxi-mum permissible concentrations of heavy metals in the filtrate ranged from 2.5 to 67.5 times. This paper presents the results of the analysis of landfill filtrate taken in 2022 from sanitary protection zones and compared with previous data. It was found that the danger associated with the landfill of municipal solid waste is that chemical and biochemical processes occurring between the various com-ponents of landfill filtrates lead to the formation of toxic compounds and are a source of infectious infections. Regional differences and a shortage of effective international instruments often hinder the solution of this problem, making it difficult to develop and apply innovative mechanisms. These con-ditions act as determining factors in the development of state programs for socio-economic develop-ment, particularly in Russia. Political and legal initiatives that have been adopted, in particular those that are part of nation-scale projects, have not yet received impulses for full-fledged practical imple-mentation.
PDF

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-73-78
Abstract
To date, to identify, analyze and account the direct and indirect effects of environmental impact during the planning of design solutions for the construction of facilities, it is necessary to carry out an environmental impact assessment. The results of this assessment determine the consequences of the implementation of a particular construction project, i.e. changes that can occur in the environment, including in the lives of people, potentially possible after the implementation of construction. The results of this assessment are objective information about the future state of the environment of the territory to decide on the implementation of the planned project. The economic component of this assessment is to determine the cost of implementation of measures to protect the environment of the territory.
PDF

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY IN AREAS OF CONSTRUCTION, RECONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF OBJECTS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-3-78-84
Abstract
Environmental monitoring of construction production should use modern scientific and technical method of physical, chemical and biological control for periodic or continuous monitoring and measurement of factors associated with chemical pollutants and physical and biological pollution on the spot, and for the correct assessment of environmental quality.
For a construction project, all stages of construction production need environmental monitoring due to different monitoring purposes.
During the entire construction period, environmental monitoring can accurately, timely, comprehensively reflect the impact of construction work on the site and the environment and provide a scientific basis for environmental management. Continuous monitoring provides real-time, up-to-date results to help environmental management professionals understand environmental quality in a site and be able to respond in a timely manner.
PDF