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IMPACT OF CONCRETE QUALITY WORKS ON CONCRETE STRENGTH OF MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTIONS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-1-51-58
Abstract
The production of concrete works in the construction of monolithic frames of buildings and structures is associated with a large number of technological operations and the corresponding dependence of the quality of the products obtained from the culture of construction production and the level of its control. In many cases, concreting is carried out with some deviations from the technical regulations governing the preparation and laying of the concrete mix, which has a negative impact on the consumer characteristics of the structure, first of all, on strength. It is known that the most common methods of industrial control of the quality of concrete work are destructive tests of concrete samples laid in control cubes together with the constructed structure and non-destructive testing of concrete of the strength that has gained strength. However, even qualitatively and timely carried out control measures do not guarantee the achievement of design-controlled design strength throughout the volume, since control cubes are prepared for testing under ideal conditions of laying and concrete set of strength not observed in the design, and non-destructive methods determine the strength of near-surface layers of concrete, which allows judging reliably the strength of the material throughout the volume of the structure. Especially these circumstances relate to the most massive and, at the same time, the most important for the structural safety of the whole building frame structures – monolithic foundation slabs. The difference between the actual strength of the slabs extracted from the slab during the production of the construction and technical expertise of concrete cores depends significantly on the depth of core extraction, while the design of the slab is always carried out on the as-sumption of an equal strength of the concrete along the depth of the structure, which is obviously the source of the potential limited availability of foundation plates and the cause of the appearance of numerous defects in the construction and operation of structures of the above-foundation part of the frame. The paper presents experimental studies of the authors to determine the actual difference in concrete strength from the depth of foundation slabs and quantifies it.
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ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS OF INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF THE NON-AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-1-59-68
Abstract
Non-autoclaved aerated concrete is the only real alternative to gas silicate in the organization of its release on the basis of regional production of small and medium capacity. This will help improve the competitive environment in the building materials market and optimize the cost of construction. Of particular interest is the possibility of expanding the field of application of this material due to a significant increase in strength characteristics, while maintaining its average density in acceptable, in terms of thermal insulation properties, limits - not more than 1000 ... 1100 kg/m3. At a strength level of 10 MPa and above, in combination with dispersed reinforcement or the use of traditional non-metallic reinforcing elements, such aerated concrete can be used as a lightweight structural material for creating power elements of low-rise buildings, including in promising construction printing technologies; devices distributing the load belts; non-removable formwork; porous, stiffening, filling thin-walled tubular structures. The paper presents an assessment of the effectiveness of traditional ways to increase the strength of non-autoclaved aerated concrete. New solutions for the purposeful formation of the pore space structure are proposed and tested due to the creation and use of a gas generator with normalized gas evolution, which allows the creation of pores of a given volume. The key to the economic effectiveness of the proposed solutions is the transition from traditional portland cement to composite binders based on it. The substantiated choice of the amount and composition of the mineral additive makes it possible to optimize the properties of the binder under the particularity of the problem being solved, and to minimize the consumption of cement and chemical modifiers, increase the speed of durability and the final indices of non-autoclaved aerated concrete.
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INFLUENCE OF THE GENETIC FEATURES OF SOILS ON THE PROPERTIES OF SOIL-CONCRETES ON THEIR BASIS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-1-69-77
Abstract
In order to form strong soil-concrete structures in parallel with the introduction of binder, an additive with a multicomponent composition that is activating the structure-forming process should be applied. Such addi-tive is usually called stabilizer of soil, its introduction allows achieving a positive effect for soils with a high proportion of finely dispersed fraction in its composition.
The article considers the main aspects of use in road construction of complex soil reinforcement by introducing a stabilizer and binding component. This technology will solve the problems of deficiency of high-quality traditional raw materials, lead to better physical and mechanical properties, increase labor productivity and reduce production costs.
As a result of the carried out studies, principles for improving the quality characteristics of reinforced soil were developed, taking into account the mineral composition of clay raw materials. As the main hypothesis of the study an increase in the hydrophobicity of stabilized soil by blocking the hydrophilic centers of clay rocks should be marked. This circumstance helps to reduce the consumption of cement in the reinforced soil without reducing the operational and physical-mechanical characteristics.
The dependence of the degree of effectiveness of the introduced stabilizing additive on the structural and chemical characteristics of clay rocks has been established, which decreases from montmorillonite and X-ray amorphous phases to kaolinite. Mixed layered formations, illite and chlorite act as intermediate minerals. Aluminosilicates act as the filler in this system that do not come into contact with the molecules of the stabilizer. To assess the degree of efficiency of interaction of the components of a soil-concrete mixture as an integral indicator it is necessary to use the cationic capacity of the soil.
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