Keywords: construction

Ecological Safety of Construction in Single-Industry Town

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-3-59-78
Abstract
Ensuring environmental safety during construction works is an important condition for the sustainable development of single-industry towns. The high rate of urbanization, population growth of single-industry towns and their active construction leads to negative anthropogenic changes in the en-vironment, which negatively affects both the ecology and the life of the population of a single-industry town. In this article the basic factors of the influence of the sphere of construction on the environment are considered, the aspects of providing ecological safety during construction are investigated, the normative-legal base regulating these aspects during construction works is analyzed, and also possible approaches and measures to decrease the negative influence of construction on the environment in monotowns are given.
The article proposes measures to reduce the negative impact on the environment and improve envi-ronmental safety of construction in single-industry towns, such as complementing the existing legisla-tion with stricter standards and requirements to ensure environmental safety during construction work in single-industry towns, development and active implementation of modern environmental materials and technologies, strengthening environmental control mechanisms of the construction sphere in sin-gle-industry towns and raising awareness of business and population. The article was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budgetary funds under the state assignment of the Financial University.
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Bridge construction in cramped urban environments

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2023-6-2-47-57
Abstract
This article discusses the specifics of the construction of bridge structures in cramped conditions of dense urban development. The classification of bridge structures and features of each type are given. The main characteristics and weight and size parameters of elements of bridge structures, methods of their erection, transportation and installation are considered. Particular attention is paid to the arrangement of the construction site, transportation of finished products and materials to the construc-tion site, as well as measures to prevent damage to buildings, structures and transport routes adjacent to the construction site, including the railway.
The study considered the project for the implementation of the construction of the Strela overpass in the city of Tyumen. Emphasis was placed on the production of radial prestressed reinforced con-crete beams of span structures in construction conditions. It was decided to manufacture these struc-tures at the work site.
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CREATING GROUND CONCRETE AND STRENGTHENING SUBSTRATES USING MINING WASTE

https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2022-5-3-35-44
Abstract
The study examines the theoretical aspects of the structure formation of reinforced cohesive soils. The analysis of the most promising methods of chemical strengthening of soils with mining waste has been carried out. The paper provides information on the selection of the composition of a complex binder based on lime-clay soil. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the construction industry needs areas suitable for development. This paper describes the methods of mineralogical and chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopic examination and fluorescence analysis, and also shows a new technology for strengthening clay soils with lime, simplified compared to the mechanical activation method. In the course of the research, it was possible to determine the optimal composition of soil concrete. This work also confirms the possibility of using these compounds in 3D technology in construction.
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STABILIZATION OF SUBSIDENCE OF BUILDINGS OF MODERN MEDICAL CENTERS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2021-4-6-5-25
Abstract
The group of deformed structures includes buildings that have received unacceptable subsidence and deformation during the period of their construction and especially operation, which, however, do not interfere with the performance of their main functions, but may eventually collapse. Their causes are errors in engineering and geological surveys and design; violation of the rules for performing construction work and operation of buildings and structures. Long-term geodetic observations of the precipitation of the foundations of buildings on pile foundations have shown that both absolute and relative stabilized values of subsidence in the vast majority of cases are less than them and the normative limit values are calculated. Therefore, the group of deformed buildings on pile foundations includes somewhat less often similar objects with shallow foundations. The reasons for excessive subsidence of the foundations of pile foundations of buildings (and as a result, the occurrence and development of cracks and other deformations in load – bearing structures), in addition to these, are most often: unjustified use of increasing correction coefficients for the results of compression tests of highly acidic soils; the lower ends of the piles falling into layers of weak soil; the tip of the piles sinking from the design mark; overestimation of the bearing capacity of the piles due to non-compliance with the optimal time of their "rest" after immersion or erroneous interpretation of the graphs "load-pile sediment"; excessively close placement of neighboring piles in the plan, which when they are immersed, especially in the sand, leads to "pushing" up previously submerged; uneven loading of piles as part of the grillage; deformation of existing buildings and structures when driving piles near and tongue-and-groove, the development of pits, etc.
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EXERGETIC ANALYSIS OF A BUILDING AS A KEY ELEMENT OF A HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2021-4-3-23-40
Abstract
The study of the complex influence of weather and climatic factors and their variability on the needs of energy and exergy when creating thermal comfort in a house with various engineering and architectural characteristics is carried out. It is confirmed that even for houses with relatively low thermal characteristics built in accordance with regulatory documents, the role of solar radiation in the formation of the heat balance, especially at the beginning and end of the heating season, is important. Studies showed that due to the combined influence of external meteorological factors, with the improvement of the thermal characteristics of houses, the correlation between the energy demand for creating a favorable microclimate and the outdoor air temperature significantly worsens. It is determined that in this case, the value of the approximation reliability decreases from 1 (with a linear dependence) to 0.55 and lower (with the maximum possible improved thermal characteristics of the house today). This position significantly corrects the operating modes and characteristics of the ST. In particular, this makes it necessary to improve the automatic control system of ST. And this, in turn, increases the investment component of the system. A method was developed for calculating exergy needs to create thermal comfort inside the house by taking into account, using the probability theory, the influence of the random nature of meteorological factors within the heating period, on the basis of which, in the conditions of the region, it is shown and calculated that when de-termining the seasonal exergy needs for the heat supply of the house, the use of a stationary approach leads to an underestimation of the results by 12...28% compared to the dynamic approach.
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COMPARISON OF CAD AND BIM TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY WITH THE USE OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2021-4-1-18-26
Abstract
The article reveals definitions and the entity of computer-aided design and building information modeling. The content and effect of using information modeling at various phase of the life cycle of a real estate object are described in the article. The level of BIM applying in Russia is analyzed, data is obtained that the majority of AEC organizations do not use information modeling. A comparative evaluation of the applying of various CAE systems using mathematical modeling in the MATLAB environment using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox extension package is carried out. Based on the obtained results, we can make a conclusion about the effectiveness of using building information modeling. The information in this article is relevant for designers, real estate investors, and leaders of AEC organizations. The obtained evaluation of project technology is able to induce stakeholders to analyze alternative technology of project and estimate the expediency of Russian enterprise's transition to the use of BIM technology.
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INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN CONSTRUCTION AND THEIR USE IN ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EVENTS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-7-13
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to analyze modern innovative technologies in construction and to develop a method of network planning in construction based on the BIM model.
A clearly defined goal allows to identify the main tasks aimed at its implementation:
- analysis of practical and theoretical experience in the field of innovative technologies at various stages of construction production;
- identification of the research direction and theoretical justification of the chosen direction;
- justification of the practical effectiveness of the selected areas;
- defining a list of innovative methods that serve as a basis for further analysis and conclusions:
- design of the object network planning system based on BIM technologies and network design.
In this work, it is planned to show the algorithm of operations for the use of calendar planning on mass construction sites, adapted for different situations.
The research work allows identifying the advantages of using information modeling of buildings for the stage of operation of the object. The developed basic methodology for organizing functional processes can help improve the established system of housing stock operation. Based on the experience of this study, it is possible to develop this topic in the field of network planning and implementation on practical objects.
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ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF LIFE CYCLE OF THE CONSTRUCTION OBJECT

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-2-17-22
Abstract
The article deals with the main causes of accidents of buildings and structures that occurred due to errors made at different stages of their life cycle (design, construction, operation). A brief analysis of the accidents that occurred from 2010 to 2017 in the Russian Federation is presented. The study of the causes of accidents makes it possible to understand better the laws of structures, buildings and structures, to identify errors that lead to emergencies. Such errors include: low quality of construction and installation works, deviation from the project in the construction of buildings and structures, the use of materials of inadequate quality, overload of load-bearing structures during operation. Also, the causes of accidents include defective engineering-geological and hydrogeological studies of the grounds. Analysis of accidents showed that the last few years there is no tendency to reduce the number of accidents of buildings and structures, which indicates an insufficient number of measures to prevent them. In the article the authors consider the examples of accidents in construction, which occurred due to the main reasons, and ways to prevent accidents in the future.
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