English English

Archives

CALCULATION OF RESIDUAL LIFE OF A BUILDING USING PROBABILISTIC METHODS AND GRAPH THEORY

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-5-5-12
,
 5-12 p.
Abstract
Methods and approaches to determining the residual resource of construction objects are considered, methods are analyzed to select the optimal one. To calculate the residual life of structures of the industrial workshop in the city of Saratov, a complex method was applied based on probabilistic methods (for structures whose strength characteristics were determined by non-destructive testing) and using graph theory (for other structures, the technical condition of which was established by external signs ) The established value of the residual resource (time before the onset of an inoperative state) before the reconstruction was 3.8 years, taking into account the operation of structures in the industrial enterprise mode. The residual resource of the building in the mode of the shopping center was 18.1 years, taking into account the reduction in operational loads (there are no crane loads, the roof structure was changed), this resource is insufficient for the object put into operation. In the process of reconstruction, communications, external and internal decoration, improvement of the adjacent territory were restored, truss structures were strengthened, the structures of the coating and external walls were partially replaced. The technical condition of the building was improved, which is reflected in the residual life - 64.7 years, which is more than the design life for buildings of this type. Therefore, a comprehensive calculation of the residual resource is an effective method for determining the scope and types of work on reconstruction and restoration of buildings.
PDF

PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-5-13-18
 13-18 p.
Abstract
Now the enterprise of heat power engineering represents the interconnected complex of technical means, devices and mechanisms which main purpose-accumulation and transfer of energy to the final consumer. Due to the specifics of its work at each stage of the thermal power plant performed a variety of tasks. Depending on the tasks, the system of the complex itself is formed with the selection of installations, energy storage facilities, as well as treatment facilities. In the process of realization of their direct functions, such enterprises have an impact on the environment, which is rather negative. Therefore, the problem of interaction between heat and power enterprises and the environment is particularly acute.
Both the work of the enterprise itself and the work on its construction cause irreparable harm to the environment. Plant interventions such as fuel selection and energy conversion efficiency measures reduce emissions of many air pollutants, including CO2, per unit of energy generation. Optimization of energy efficiency in the generation process depends on many factors. However, it is impossible to make the enterprise completely environmentally friendly for many reasons, however, it is necessary to assess correctly the possible risks of operation of this type of production and take adequate measures to minimize the harm caused to the environment.
PDF

FEATURES OF ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC LOADS ON NATURAL COMPLEXES

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-5-19-24
 19-24 p.
Abstract
The article describes the problems of assessing the anthropogenic impact of human activity on natural com-plexes surrounding urbanized territories.
Among the main research tasks are development of methodological foundations for assessing the quantitative and qualitative composition at anthropogenic impact on natural complexes surrounding urban areas.
The main method of this research include a dialectical approach that focuses on generally accepted logical research methods (analysis, systematic approach, generalization) and their synthesis using relevant information materials.
The author considered various methods of assessing the impact of various factors on the environment, and also carried out the examination of urban decisions related to the appointment of a category (status) the natural resources included in the urban environment in Moscow.
The Russian capital is a European metropolis, the largest city-millionaire in Europe and a typical object of research to identify the effects of various anthropogenic factors. The implementation at economic activity in the metropolis is accompanied by the emergence of problems, the solution of which has not been found yet.
Analysis of methods for assessing the impact at the various factors on the environment was carried out taking into account the provisions in regulatory documents governing the appointment for protected areas urban environment. Provisions of regulatory documents and decisions of executive authorities designed to use natural (forest) resources in urban environments.
The absence of approved methods for assessing certain types of land plots with a protected status was identified.
The main factors affecting the quality of biogeocenosis were identified. The main features of the application methods for assessing the status and possibility in recreational development in territories of varying degrees at development are considered.
PDF

INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL, SOCIAL, RELIGIOUS AND SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL FACTORS ON HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECT DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN YEMEN

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-5-25-32
,
 25-32 p.
Abstract
The article analyzes the influence of cultural, social, religious, scientific and technical factors on the historical development, current status and future directions of development of the architecture of medical institutions in Yemen. The research attempted to study the features of the work of medical institutions in Yemen. The study begins with a description of the literature on a general overview of the location, geographic sections, climate and economy of the port city of Yemen. The study describes the problems and factors that influence the design of medical institutions in Yemen. The current situation demonstrates a tendency towards centralization of attention on the patient himself and the doctor-patient system. The hospital should create the most comfortable conditions for the patient, and the medical staff acts as consultants. That is, patients should receive maximum attention, sympathy and psychological assistance. Based on this position, architectural decisions should take into account the relationship between the doctor and the patient. The architectural design of medical facilities in hot climates should be carried out taking into account the regional characteristics of the environment. The choice of a construction site for the architectural and planning organization of a network of medical institutions for children and adults must be made based on the general conditions for the development of the city and its suburban area. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the provisions and conclusions of the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of development of the architecture of medical institutions. The research used materials from scientific seminars and conferences. In the process of research, a systematic approach and logical analysis methods were used. The scientific literature notes that the modern concept of the formation of the architectural and spatial environment of urban hospitals is associated with modern medical technologies, as well as with the increasing role of medical institutions at the present stage.
PDF

ARCHITECTURE OF THE SHAPOVS’ INDUSTRIAL ESTATE IN THE SECOND HALF OF XIX-BEGINNING OF XX CENTURIES IN IVANOVO

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-5-33-39
 33-39 p.
Abstract
Pre-revolutionary industrial estates are the least studied and most prone to loss of all historical and cultural heritage of Ivanovo. Their study is very difficult due to the lack of available research data and loss of most complexes. Deficiency of systematic architectural analysis of this heritage does not allow to determine fully the patterns and features of architectural and planning formation of the city-one of the largest textile industrial centers of Russia. The article presents an architectural and planning analysis of Shapov pre-revolutionary industrial textile estate development in Ivanovo by the end of XIX-beginning of XXth centuries and estimates its current condition. It states this estate to be the most holistically preserved complex nowadays. It provides architectural-planning and architectural-stylistic analysis of the estate’s buildings. It notes Shapov industrial estate to be considered as the most indicative example of specific architectural and stylistic formation features and transformation taken in textile industrial estates of the city in the end of XIX-early XXth century. The article demonstrates that Shapov industrial estate has signs of cultural heritage object and needs to be set on the state protection as a complex.
PDF

TENDENCIES OF RECONSTRUCTION OF OLD INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND TERRITORIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF REPROFILING

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-5-40-46
 40-46 p.
Abstract
Currently, there is an urgent issue of developing recommendations in the field of reconstruction and redevelopment of industrial zones against the background of the lack of federal and regional programs for the re-profiling of industrial territories in Russia that regulate the procedure for working with industrial zones. The irrational use of land resources of cities, in which large areas are still occupied by industrial facilities, raises a number of problems of an economic and social nature: a high level of environmental pollution, and as a result, an increase in the incidence of the population, overloading of transport infrastructure, and a lower level of budget system income from harnessing the potential of urban land. In addition, a situation often arises when some of industrial enterprises fall into decay or completely cease their activities. And as a result, such of industrial areas degrade and are not exploited. Another important factor in this problem is the architectural appearance of the old industrial territories in the modern cities. During the industrial period of the formation of urban plans, the situation arose when in many cities such industrial areas are located in the central part of the cities and affect the architectural appearance of the urban environment. The article analyzes and discusses solutions to achieve a result when the industrial territories in the cities, after their reconstruction and reprofiling, in addition to new functional significance, become attractive centers with developed infrastructure.
PDF

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITE NANOSTRUCTURED GYPSUM BINDER CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED HEAT RESISTANCE

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-5-13
, , , , ,
 5-13 p.
Abstract
There are a lot of different types of binders for construction purpose, a strong interest is focused on free-of-cement binders of new generation, which are characterized by unique and/or improved performance proper-ties. Among them there is composite nanostructured gypsum binder (CNGB) as a quite new binding system. In the framework of this study the hypothesis of synergetic effect in hardened binding system was proposed and approved. The hypothesis is realized when interaction of two binding systems with different structure formation mechanism such as followings: polymerization-polycondensation and hydration. A number of experiments were carried out and the results were obtained, which demonstrate a resistance of CNGB under high-temperature effect (up to 1000ºC) vs. ordinary gypsum binder. It was determined that a heat-resistance of CNGB is associated with joint crystallization of sulphate-based component (gypsum binder) and highly-reactive silica-based component (in nanostructured binder). Normally, nanostructuted binder is stable under high-temperature exposure. The indicator of synergetic effect is formation of new crystalline phase – hydroxyellestadite Ca5(SiO4)3(SO4)3(OH)2. This phase has unit cell size which is stable under temperature gradient. This characteristic allows saving structure framework in CNGB under high temperature.
PDF

FIBER CONCRETE FOR 3-D ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-14-20
, ,
 14-20 p.
Abstract
Fine-grained fiber concrete used in 3D printing is significantly different from conventional heavy concrete, which is determined by the increased consumption of cement, low water-cement ratio and the absence of large aggregates. The largest grain size of fine aggregate is selected taking into account the thickness of the section, the frequency and type of reinforcement, as well as the method of concrete placement. Despite the fact that the tensile strength of concrete on fine sand is more than 1.5 times higher than the strength of concrete on coarse sand, while there is a decrease in compressive strength. Due to the peculiarities of the technology of concrete manufacturing for layering, the use of coarse sands is impractical, and therefore it was decided to use quartz sand with a particle size module of 1.12 as a filler.
PDF

THE FORMATION OF THE HEAT-INSULATING PROTECTING STRUCTURES OF DOME BUILDINGS TO THE FAR NORTH

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-21-26
, ,
 21-26 p.
Abstract
The regions of the Far North are of great importance in the economic development of the Russian Federation. The harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic predetermine the requirements for residential buildings, in par-ticular to ensure the thermal insulation properties of the enclosing structures of prefabricated buildings for living workers working in shifts. In this paper the calculation of the normalized values of thermal resistance of the protecting designs is made, the design and structure of walls and overlappings of collapsible structures is developed. To ensure the required thermal resistance at a minimum thickness of structural elements, it is proposed to apply liquid thermal insulation on the inner surface of the walls.
PDF

DEFORMATION OF THE PACKING ELEMENT WHEN THE DIFFERENT PRESSURE IN THE BOREHOLE

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-27-38
, , ,
 27-38 p.
Abstract
A method for calculating the stress-deformed condition of the packing element shells reinforced with a sys-tem of metal tapes is proposed. The whole process of deformation of the shell under the influence of internal overpressure is conventionally divided into four stages. For each stage, the scheme of deformation of the shell is considered and the solution of the problem is given on the basis of the nonlinear theory of elasticity and the theory of soft shells. All stages of shell deformation considered in this paper are illustrated by the calculation scheme. An example of shell calculation with specified characteristics and deformation conditions is given.
PDF