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APPLICATION OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE THERMAL CONTROL IN DEFECTOSCOPY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS, FILLER STRUCTURES OF BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-39-44
 39-44 p.
Abstract
One of the perspective and modern methods of nondestructive testing – thermal control is considered. The possibilities and advantages of thermal control in the identification of defects in various building materials and products, enclosing structures of buildings and structures are given. The short characteristics of the main defects of building materials and products, buildings and structures are proposed. The basic principles of identification of hidden (invisible) and obvious (visible) defects are briefly considered and practical results of construction flaw detection of objects for various purposes with the use of thermal imaging equipment are presented. On the example of a fragment of the enclosing building structure of piece building products in the form of ceramic bricks with artificially created technical defects in the process of qualitative analysis of thermograms zone of thermal temperature anomalies (method of active thermal control) are localized. For some enclosing structures of buildings and structures based on the results of thermal imaging identified obvious thermal defects, their qualitative analysis and recommendations for elimination (method of passive thermal control) are made.
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SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF DAMS MADE OF GROUND MATERIALS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-45-49
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 45-49 p.
Abstract
The stability of the dam on Rogunskaya HPP made of ground materials is studied on the basis of numerical calculations of its spatial stress-strain state. The deformation and strength properties of the materials com-posing the dam body defined in the triaxial compression devices were used in the calculations. Limit values of strength properties of materials and controlled values of diagnostic indicators of a dam at which safety of its work is provided are established.
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EXTERNALTRANSLUCENT COATINGS DEVICE WITH THE USE OF GLASSPROFITE AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-50-55
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 50-55 p.
Abstract
The article raises issues related to the use of profile glass (glass profilite) in the device of external vertical enclosing structures of modern building systems. There is a need for a combination of composite materials, especially foam composite, in the manufacture of translucent enclosing structures, which greatly reduces the weight of the outer panels and increases their heat and sound insulation characteristics. It is emphasized the need to consider the issues of energy efficiency not only at the stage of operation of the building, but also at the stage of its construction, as energy efficiency is not only the ability to save heat at the stage of operation of buildings, but also high technological performance of works at the stage of their construction.
The novelty of this study is just the design of the wall panel with a possible combination of two materials – profiled glass and foam. The article describes in detail not only the design of the panel itself, but the technology of its manufacture, as well as the technological processes associated with the device of enclosing structures. Two variants of connection of wall panels with floor slabs are considered and connection nodes are given. Based on the analysis of a number of scientific publications, the variants of the mechanisms used for the installation of panels taking into account the nodes of the connection of structural elements – the panel itself and the floor slabs are considered. Due to the fact that the article discusses the use of boxed glass, emphasizes the need to continue the study in order to identify the possibility of using other types of glass (channel, ribbed, edged) for the manufacture of multi-component wall panels, taking into account the climatic conditions of the regions.
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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ROAD PAVEMENT STRUCTURES USING CEMENT CONCRETE

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-56-63
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 56-63 p.
Abstract
The results of studies on the use of modified basalt fiber reinforced cement concrete coating in the design of hard pavement are presented. It is shown that the use of fiber cement concrete in road structures allows to reduce the thickness of the coating, while having a margin of safety in the concrete layer, and the frame of micro-reinforcing components allows to reduce penetrating loads.
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COMPLETE SOLUTION OF LAME PROBLEM FOR A THICK-WALLED COMPOSITE NONLINEARLY DEFORMABLE CYLINDER

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-64-72
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 64-72 p.
Abstract
The paper deals with the boundary value problem for the nonlinearly deformable composite cylinder with different types of boundary conditions. The stresses and displacements on both boundaries of the cylinder are constant, so their boundary average values for any area are constant and equal to the initial values. It should be noticed, that the solution of the boundary value problem is obtained without using nonlocal hypotheses about the composite material volume smallness by the angle for which the effective characteristics are calculated. In addition, the assumption of the composite material element smallness in the radial direction with respect to the thickness of the cylinder is used. It is established, that there is no possibility to consider plane stress state and plane strain of the cylinder separately from each other. Both of these states should be studied for analysis of stress-strain state according to Voigt and Reuss hypotheses. It is also shown that the solution of the Lame problem for a cylinder, which is derived, based on Voigt and Reuss hypotheses, is self-sufficient. Formulas, which describe stress-strain state of the composite cylinder, are derived based on this approximation.
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ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-73-78
 73-78 p.
Abstract
To date, to identify, analyze and account the direct and indirect effects of environmental impact during the planning of design solutions for the construction of facilities, it is necessary to carry out an environmental impact assessment. The results of this assessment determine the consequences of the implementation of a particular construction project, i.e. changes that can occur in the environment, including in the lives of people, potentially possible after the implementation of construction. The results of this assessment are objective information about the future state of the environment of the territory to decide on the implementation of the planned project. The economic component of this assessment is to determine the cost of implementation of measures to protect the environment of the territory.
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THE USE OF THE NATIONAL ORNAMENT OF THE KABARDINS AND BALKARS AS ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION OF FACADES OF BUILDINGS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-79-83
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 79-83 p.
Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the use of the national ornament of the Kabardins and Balkars as an architectural decoration of facades of buildings, contributing to the increase of architectural and artistic expression of facades of buildings. Classification of the national ornament of the Kabardins and Balkars is given, stylized schemes of the national ornament are considered and variants of their placement on facades of buildings as an architectural decor are offered.
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BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF MODERN HOUSING: ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-84-88
 84-88 p.
Abstract
The questions of architectural and environmental solutions in the field of design and construction of low-rise residential buildings, including the distinctive properties of building materials due to the conditions of modern material culture, aesthetic features of the external and internal appearance of these buildings are considered. It is noted that the conceptual approach to the choice of technologies in the construction of these objects helps to determine the necessary organization and structure of work, as well as additional artistic methods of architectural expression. It is also indicated that along with the architectural expressiveness one of the main requirements for the comfort of living in a residential building becomes environmental safety. Considerable attention is paid to modern building materials and innovative technologies that form new crea-tive challenges facing architects.
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THE MANIFESTATION OF FRACTAL DIMENSIONS IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-89-95
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 89-95 p.
Abstract
The article shows the presence of proportional correspondence of parts and the whole using the principles of fractal geometry in the formation of the concept of beauty of natural objects and phenomena. The objects of the artificial environment for the formation of images on the example of mathematical models of calculation of natural objects that have the properties of fractal are investigated. The article presents the types of fractals. Examples of fractal in physics, biology, chemistry are given. Fractal geometry can and should be used in modeling the structure of the artificial environment that humanity creates through architecture. The very process of designing a single building, and its integration into the urban environment, which in the process of formation is also quite chaotic, falls under the principles of fractal geometry. Modeling of these processes using the principles of fractal geometry allows not only to create the most comfortable artificial urban environment, but also to monitor the flow of all processes within it.
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CHEMICAL REACTIVITY ASSESSMENT METHOD OF NANOSTRUCTURED LOW CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATES

https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-3-5-11
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 5-11 p.
Abstract
Nowadays, the production of high-performance composites is a relevant objective in construction industry. Normally, geological and/or technological conditions of phase formation are responsible for chemical and structural characteristics of raw materials. In this regard, the use of a certain material dictates terms to opti-mizing production process, efficient use and, therefore, requires to develop a method for quality evaluation of raw materials. This approach allows a considerable time saving and raw materials sources, while the evaluation of final performance characteristics of designed materials is being done. The biggest interest in this area is focused on new types of developed and poorly-studied composite systems which results in a lack of capacity to design materials with known performance and, therefore, constrains the areas of application of construction composites
Among such composite systems there are zero cement alkali-aluminosilicate systems or geopolymers. For geopolymers production a wide range of different aluminosilicates with varied characteristics potentially can be used. And also, in each certain case, the quality evaluation methods for aluminosilicates should be different.
This study is focused on chemical reactivity assessment method of crystalline (mainly, nanocrystalline) low calcium aluminosilicates exposed to high-alkali media. The solubility degree in high-alkali media and compressive strength performance were evaluated in this study in order to define chemical reactivity of low calcium aluminosilicates. The compressive strength data demonstrated a positive correlation with the crystallinity degree of aluminosilicates.
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